| Autor: |
Trigueros E; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain., Benito-Román Ó; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain., Oliveira AP; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal., Videira RA; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal., Andrade PB; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal., Sanz MT; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain., Beltrán S; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain. |
| Abstrakt: |
Onion skin waste (OSW), the primary non-edible byproduct from onion processing, offers a renewable source of bioactive compounds. This study aims to valorize OSW through subcritical water extraction (SWE), aligning with a circular economy and biorefinery principles. SWE was carried out at 145 °C and 50 bar for 50 min in a discontinuous reactor, producing a phenolic-rich extract (32.3 ± 2.6 mg/g) dominated by protocatechuic acid (20.3 ± 2.5 mg/g), quercetin-4'- O -glucoside (7.5 ± 0.2 mg/g), and quercetin (3.2 ± 0.6 mg/g). Additionally, the extract contains sugars (207.1 ± 20.3 mg sucrose-Eq/g), proteins (22.8 ± 1.6 mg BSA-Eq/g), and free amino acids (20.4 ± 1.2 mg arginine-Eq/g). Its phenolic richness determines its scavenging activity against ● NO and O 2 ●- radicals and its α-glucosidase and aldose-reductase inhibition without affecting α-amylase. Notably, the extract demonstrates significant α-glucosidase inhibition (IC 50 = 75.6 ± 43.5 µg/mL), surpassing acarbose (IC 50 = 129.5 ± 1.0 µg/mL) in both pure enzyme and cell culture tests without showing cytotoxicity to AGS, HepG2, and Caco-2 human cell lines. The extract's bioactivity and nutritional content make it suitable for developing antioxidant and antidiabetic nutraceutical/food components, highlighting SWE's potential for OSW valorization without using organic solvents. |
