Replacing soybean meal with microalgae biomass in diets with contrasting carbohydrate profiles can reduce in vitro methane production and improve short-chain fatty acid production.

Autor: Lobo RR; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608., Almeida E; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil., Monteiro A; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608; Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13400-970, Brazil., da Silva SS; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608., Salas-Solis G; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608., Coronella CJ; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557., Hiibel SR; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557., Faciola AP; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608. Electronic address: afaciola@ufl.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of dairy science [J Dairy Sci] 2024 Aug; Vol. 107 (8), pp. 5542-5555. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 22.
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24025
Abstrakt: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of dietary carbohydrate profile and soybean meal (SBM) replacement with either Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CHL) or Spirulina platensis (SPI) on in vitro fermentation. This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design, with fermentation run (3 runs) considered as blocks. The treatments were arranged in a 2 × 5 factorial design, where the first factor was the carbohydrate profile, which was composed of diets containing 42.5% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 26.8% starch (HF-LS) or 26.8% NDF and 40.6% starch (LF-HS), and the second factor was the protein source, in which a control diet (100% SBM), partial replacement of SBM with CHL (1/2CHL) or SPI (1/2SPI), or total replacement of SBM with CHL or SPI were used. All experimental diets were formulated to have 17% crude protein. The ruminal fluid was collected from 2 lactating Holstein cows, buffered with Van Soest medium at a ratio of 1:2 and added to serum bottles containing 0.50 g of the experimental diets. Bottles were incubated at 39°C for 24 and 48 h in triplicate; headspace pressure was measured, along with gas collection for methane (CH 4 ) quantification at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h after incubation. The final medium was used to measure pH, ammonia, and VFA. After incubation, feed bags were recovered and used for estimation of dry matter (DM), NDF, and organic matter (OM) degradability. Statistical analysis was carried out using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with carbohydrate profile, protein source, assay, and their interactions as fixed effects, with run and bottle as random effects. Orthogonal contrasts were used to compare carbohydrate profile, algae species, carbohydrate profile × algae interaction, and linear and quadratic effects of SBM replacement with CHL or SPI. There was no interaction effect between carbohydrate profile and algae source. The LF-HS improved gas production, degradability of nutrients, and VFA, mainly increasing the production of butyrate and propionate. When compared with CHL, SPI had a greater degradability of nutrients and branched VFA, along with reduction in total gas production and tended to reduce total CH 4 yield. The replacement of SBM with algae linearly reduced the degradability of nutrients, along with a linear reduction in gas production. When replacement of SBM with only SPI was evaluated, SPI slightly reduced the degradability of nutrients; however, it promoted a linear reduction in CH 4 yield, as well as reduction in CH 4 yield by unit of degraded DM, NDF, and OM. In summary, there was no interaction of carbohydrate profile and protein source, which means that SBM replacement had a similar effect, regardless of dietary carbohydrate profile. Spirulina may be a more suitable algae source than Chlorella due to the potential to reduce CH 4 .
(© 2024, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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