Advances in DNA, histone, and RNA methylation mechanisms in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder.

Autor:	Cruise TM; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States., Kotlo K; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States., Malovic E; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States., Pandey SC; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Advances in drug and alcohol research [Adv Drug Alcohol Res] 2023 Feb 15; Vol. 3, pp. 10871. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 15 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/adar.2023.10871
Abstrakt:	Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a complex, multifactorial etiology involving dysregulation across several brain regions and peripheral organs. Acute and chronic alcohol consumption cause epigenetic modifications in these systems, which underlie changes in gene expression and subsequently, the emergence of pathophysiological phenotypes associated with AUD. One such epigenetic mechanism is methylation, which can occur on DNA, histones, and RNA. Methylation relies on one carbon metabolism to generate methyl groups, which can then be transferred to acceptor substrates. While DNA methylation of particular genes generally represses transcription, methylation of histones and RNA can have bidirectional effects on gene expression. This review summarizes one carbon metabolism and the mechanisms behind methylation of DNA, histones, and RNA. We discuss the field's findings regarding alcohol's global and gene-specific effects on methylation in the brain and liver and the resulting phenotypes characteristic of AUD. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Cruise, Kotlo, Malovic and Pandey.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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