Dietary nitrate supplementation and cognitive health: the nitric oxide-dependent neurovascular coupling hypothesis.

Autor: Gonçalves JS; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal., Marçal AL; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal., Marques BS; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal., Costa FD; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal., Laranjinha J; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal., Rocha BS; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal., Lourenço CF; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Science Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biochemical Society transactions [Biochem Soc Trans] 2024 Feb 28; Vol. 52 (1), pp. 279-289.
DOI: 10.1042/BST20230491
Abstrakt: Diet is currently recognized as a major modifiable agent of human health. In particular, dietary nitrate has been increasingly explored as a strategy to modulate different physiological mechanisms with demonstrated benefits in multiple organs, including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine systems. An intriguing exception in this scenario has been the brain, for which the evidence of the nitrate benefits remains controversial. Upon consumption, nitrate can undergo sequential reduction reactions in vivo to produce nitric oxide (•NO), a ubiquitous paracrine messenger that supports multiple physiological events such as vasodilation and neuromodulation. In the brain, •NO plays a key role in neurovascular coupling, a fine process associated with the dynamic regulation of cerebral blood flow matching the metabolic needs of neurons and crucial for sustaining brain function. Neurovascular coupling dysregulation has been associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction during different pathological conditions and aging. We discuss the potential biological action of nitrate on brain health, concerning the molecular mechanisms underpinning this association, particularly via modulation of •NO-dependent neurovascular coupling. The impact of nitrate supplementation on cognitive performance was scrutinized through preclinical and clinical data, suggesting that intervention length and the health condition of the participants are determinants of the outcome. Also, it stresses the need for multimodal quantitative studies relating cellular and mechanistic approaches to function coupled with behavior clinical outputs to understand whether a mechanistic relationship between dietary nitrate and cognitive health is operative in the brain. If proven, it supports the exciting hypothesis of cognitive enhancement via diet.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE