Seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies in Nigeria: refining strategies to sustain the eradication effort.

Autor:	Bolu O; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Adamu U; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria., Franka R; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Umeokonkwo CD; Africa Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria., An Q; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Greby S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., McDonald S; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Mainou B; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Mba N; Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria., Agala N; Institute of Human Virology, Abuja, Nigeria., Archer WR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Braka F; World Health Organization, Abuja Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Etapelong SG; World Health Organization, Abuja Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Gashu TS; World Health Organization, Abuja Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Siddique AR; United Nations Children Fund, Abuja, Nigeria., Asekun A; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Okoye M; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Iriemenam N; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Wiesen E; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Swaminathan M; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria., Ihekweazu C; Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria., Shuaib F; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Pan African medical journal [Pan Afr Med J] 2023 Jul 13; Vol. 45 (Suppl 2), pp. 2. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 13 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.11604/pamj.supp.2023.45.2.38098
Abstrakt:	Introduction: in 2016, a switch from trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (containing serotypes 1,2,3) to bivalent OPV (types 1,3) was implemented globally. We assessed the seroprevalence of poliovirus antibody levels in selected Nigerian states, before and after the switch, documented poliovirus type2 outbreak responses conducted and ascertained factors associated with immunity gaps based on seroprevalence rates. Methods: we conducted a secondary analysis of stored serum samples from the 2018 Nigeria National HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey. Serum from 1,185 children aged 0-119 months residing in one southern and four northern states were tested for serotype-specific PV neutralizing antibodies; seropositivity was a reciprocal titer ≥8. We conducted regression analysis to determine sociodemographic risk factors associated with low seroprevalence using SAS 9.4. Results: children aged 24-119 months (pre-switch cohort) had seroprevalence against PV1, PV2, and PV3, of 97.3% (95% CI:96.4-98.2), 93.8% (95% CI:92.2-95.5), and 91.3% (95% CI:89.2-93.4), while children aged <24 months (post-switch) had seroprevalence of 86.0% (95% CI:81.2-90.8), 55.6% (95% CI: 47.7-63.4), and 77.2% (95% CI:71.0-83.4) respectively. Regression analysis showed age <24 months was associated with lower seroprevalence against all PV serotypes, (p<0.0001); females had lower seroprevalence against PV1 (p=0.0184) and PV2 (p=0.0354); northern states lower seroprevalence against PV1 (p=0.0039), while well-water source lower seroprevalence against PV3 (p=0.0288). Conclusion: this study showed high seroprevalence rates against PV 1, 2, and 3 in pre-switch children (aged 24-119 months). However, post-switch children (<24 months) had low immunity against PV2 despite outbreak responses. Strategies to increase routine immunization coverage and high-quality polio campaigns can increase immunity against polio virus. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. (©Omotayo Bolu et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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