The global genetic diversity of planktonic foraminifera reveals the structure of cryptic speciation in plankton.

Autor: Morard R; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany., Darling KF; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK.; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK., Weiner AKM; NORCE Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, Bergen, 5007, Norway., Hassenrück C; Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Seestrasse 15, Warnemünde, 18119, Germany., Vanni C; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany., Cordier T; NORCE Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, Bergen, 5007, Norway., Henry N; CNRS, Sorbonne Université, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29680, France.; Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, 75016, France., Greco M; Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, 37-49, Spain., Vollmar NM; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany.; NORCE Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, Bergen, 5007, Norway., Milivojevic T; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany.; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany., Rahman SN; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany., Siccha M; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany., Meilland J; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany., Jonkers L; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany., Quillévéré F; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR CNRS 5276 LGL-TPE, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France., Escarguel G; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France., Douady CJ; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France., de Garidel-Thoron T; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France., de Vargas C; CNRS, Sorbonne Université, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29680, France.; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR7144, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, 29680, France., Kucera M; MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, Bremen, 28359, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society [Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc] 2024 Aug; Vol. 99 (4), pp. 1218-1241. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 13.
DOI: 10.1111/brv.13065
Abstrakt: The nature and extent of diversity in the plankton has fascinated scientists for over a century. Initially, the discovery of many new species in the remarkably uniform and unstructured pelagic environment appeared to challenge the concept of ecological niches. Later, it became obvious that only a fraction of plankton diversity had been formally described, because plankton assemblages are dominated by understudied eukaryotic lineages with small size that lack clearly distinguishable morphological features. The high diversity of the plankton has been confirmed by comprehensive metabarcoding surveys, but interpretation of the underlying molecular taxonomies is hindered by insufficient integration of genetic diversity with morphological taxonomy and ecological observations. Here we use planktonic foraminifera as a study model and reveal the full extent of their genetic diversity and investigate geographical and ecological patterns in their distribution. To this end, we assembled a global data set of ~7600 ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from morphologically characterised individual foraminifera, established a robust molecular taxonomic framework for the observed diversity, and used it to query a global metabarcoding data set covering ~1700 samples with ~2.48 billion reads. This allowed us to extract and assign 1 million reads, enabling characterisation of the structure of the genetic diversity of the group across ~1100 oceanic stations worldwide. Our sampling revealed the existence of, at most, 94 distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) at a level of divergence indicative of biological species. The genetic diversity only doubles the number of formally described species identified by morphological features. Furthermore, we observed that the allocation of genetic diversity to morphospecies is uneven. Only 16 morphospecies disguise evolutionarily significant genetic diversity, and the proportion of morphospecies that show genetic diversity increases poleward. Finally, we observe that MOTUs have a narrower geographic distribution than morphospecies and that in some cases the MOTUs belonging to the same morphospecies (cryptic species) have different environmental preferences. Overall, our analysis reveals that even in the light of global genetic sampling, planktonic foraminifera diversity is modest and finite. However, the extent and structure of the cryptic diversity reveals that genetic diversification is decoupled from morphological diversification, hinting at different mechanisms acting at different levels of divergence.
(© 2024 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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