| Autor: |
Gao Y; International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA., Swiggart E; International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA., Wolkiewicz K; International Ginseng Institute, School of Agriculture, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E Main St, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA., Liyanapathiranage P; Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Ln, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA., Baysal-Gurel F; Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Ln, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA., Avin FA; Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, 472 Cadillac Ln, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA., Lopez EFP; Soil, Plant and Pest Center, University of Tennessee, 5201 Marchant Dr, Nashville, TN 37211, USA., Jordan RT; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA., Kellogg J; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA., Burkhart EP; Shaver's Creek Environmental Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 3400 Discovery Road, Petersburg, PA 16669, USA.; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
American ginseng, a highly valuable crop in North America, is susceptible to various diseases caused by fungal pathogens, including Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., and Pestalotiopsis spp. The development of alternative control strategies that use botanicals to control fungal pathogens in American ginseng is desired as it provides multiple benefits. In this study, we isolated and identified three fungal isolates, Alternaria panax , Fusarium sporotrichioides , and Pestalotiopsis nanjingensis , from diseased American ginseng plants. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts from the roots and leaves of goldenseal were prepared, and the major alkaloid constituents were assessed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Next, the antifungal effects of goldenseal extracts were tested against these three fungal pathogens. Goldenseal root ethanolic extracts exhibited the most potent inhibition against fungal growth, while goldenseal root aqueous extracts and leaf ethanolic extracts showed only moderate inhibition. At 2% ( m / v ) concentration, goldenseal root ethanolic extracts showed an inhibition rate of 86.0%, 94.9%, and 39.1% against A. panax , F. sporotrichioides , and P. nanjingensis , respectively. The effect of goldenseal root ethanolic extracts on the mycelial morphology of fungal isolates was studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mycelia of the pathogens treated with the goldenseal root ethanolic extract displayed considerable morphological alterations. This study suggests that goldenseal extracts have the potential to be used as a botanical fungicide to control plant fungal diseases caused by A. panax , F. sporotrichioides , or P. nanjingensis. |
