Exposure assessment of anticoagulant rodenticides in the liver of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Slovenia.

Autor: Cerkvenik-Flajs V; University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: vesna.cerkvenik.flajs@vf.uni-lj.si., Schenke D; Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise Str. 19, D-14195 Berlin, Germany., Žele-Vengušt D; University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia., Korenjak-Černe S; University of Ljubljana, School of Economics and Business, Kardeljeva ploščad 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska ulica 21, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia., Perpar A; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia., Vengušt G; University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Mar 25; Vol. 918, pp. 170400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 01.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170400
Abstrakt: The study deals with the environmental residues of anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) in Slovenia to evaluate the toxicological risk of secondary poisoning of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as representatives of non-target wildlife, and in relation to the investigated use patterns of ARs and specific local parameters in Slovenia. From 2019 to 2022, 148 liver tissue samples of adult red foxes were collected from almost all state geographical regions. The samples were extracted with methanol/water (2:1, v/v), cleaned-up using a solid supported liquid-liquid extraction, and measured by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) with reporting limits of 0.5 to 5.0 ng/g. Residues of at least one rodenticide were detected in 77.7 % of the samples. The second generation ARs of bromadiolone, brodifacoum and difenacoum were the most frequently found, appearing in 75.0, 51.4, and 18.9 % of the samples, respectively. Concentrations of pooled ARs ranged from 1.5 to 2866.5 ng/g with mean and median values of 601.4 and 350.2 ng/g, respectively. We determined bromadiolone and brodifacoum at concentrations of ≥800 ng/g in 10.8 and 10.1 % of the samples, and 1.4 and 0.7 % of the samples contained residues >2000 ng/g, respectively. These concentrations are much higher than those found in comparable studies in Europe and elsewhere in the world. Residues of ARs were detected in all monitored statistical regions of Slovenia, with higher concentrations in the eastern parts of the country. First generation ARs were found in only 9.5 % of samples, and residues were below 10 ng/g with one exception (coumatetralyl with 55 ng/g). The results of the study indicate a serious toxicological risk for red foxes in Slovenia as part of the Western Balkans, and will contribute to the growing body of knowledge about the protection of European ecosystems, as wildlife is not limited by national borders.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: