Environmentally sustainable ethyl levulinate synthesis from delignified sugarcane bagasse using ternary eutectic solvent under MW-xenon irradiation: engine performance and emission assessment.

Autor: Barman S; Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India., Roy Choudhury S; Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India., Chakraborty R; Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India. rajat_chakraborty25@yahoo.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2024 Dec; Vol. 31 (60), pp. 67678-67691. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 02.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32231-2
Abstrakt: For the first time, a synergistic energy-efficient combination of microwave-xenon (MW-XE) irradiations in presence of photoactive ternary acidic deep eutectic solvents (TADES) has been applied for intensification of ethyl levulinate synthesis from delignified sugarcane bagasse (DSB) under mild (90 min, 90 °C) and environmentally benign process conditions. The Taguchi orthogonal designed optimized conditions (20 W/cm 3 of MW specific irradiation power input, 1 mol/mol of FeCl 3 to citric acid ratio, 90 min of reaction time, 150 W of XE specific power input) rendered maximum 61.3 mol% of EL yield (selectivity: 87.70 ± 0.5%). Remarkably, synergistic effect of MW and XE irradiation significantly enhanced the EL yield (61.3 mol%) compared to the individual MW (34.52 mol%) and XE (22.67 mol%) irradiation at otherwise optimized reaction conditions. Moreover, the MWXE irradiated reactor (MWXER) exhibited a significant 79.10% increase in EL yield compared to the conventional thermal reactor (CTR), at the expense of 10% less energy consumption. The ethyl levulinate could be recovered efficiently through green protocol from reaction mix resulting in high purity (97 ± 0.5%) and TADES was sustainably reused in the process. The optimally generated product EL when blended (5 and 10 vol.%) with B10 and B20 (10% and 20% biodiesel-diesel blend) could provide 21-31% reduction in HC and 7.3-36% reduction in CO in comparison with petro-diesel. It was also explored that, at similar optimal parametric combinations, the TADES produced 29.5% greater EL yield in comparison with the standard ionic liquid BMIMCl. The life cycle environmental impact analysis (LCEIA) of the overall process revealed that the 5 vol.% EL blending with B10 contributed lowest environmental impacts mitigating marine ecotoxicity, human toxicity, fossil depletion, and climate change by 77.9%, 77.4%, 78.4% and 77.5%, respectively.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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