| Autor: |
Wahman DG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Smith SJ; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Kleiner EJ; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Abulikemu G; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Stebel EK; Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Gray BN; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Crone BC; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Taylor RD; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Womack EA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Gastaldo CX; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Sanan TT; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Pressman JG; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States., Haupert LM; Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
Selectivity with respect to chloride ( K PFAS ∕ C ) was determined for nine drinking water relevant perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid (GenX), five perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs). Three single-use strong base anion exchange gel resins were investigated, targeting drinking water relevant equilibrium PFAS liquid concentrations (≤500 ng/L). Except for the longest carbon chain PFCA (perfluorodecanoic acid) and PFSA (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) studied, PFAS followed traditional ion exchange theory (law of mass action), including increasing equilibrium PFAS liquid concentrations with increasing equilibrium chloride liquid concentrations. Overall, K PFAS ∕ C values were (i) similar among resins for a given PFAS, (ii) 1-5 orders of magnitude greater than the selectivity of inorganic anions (e.g., nitrate) previously studied, (iii) 2 orders of magnitude greater for the same carbon chain length PFSA versus PFCA, (iv) found to proportionally increase with carbon chain length for both PFSAs and PFCAs, and (v) similar for GenX and perfluorohexanoic acid (six-carbon PFCA). A multisolute competition experiment demonstrated binary isotherm-determined K PFAS ∕ C values could be applied to simulate a multisolute system, extending work previously done with only inorganic anions to PFAS. Ultimately, estimated K PFAS ∕ C values allow future extension and validation of an open-source anion exchange column model to PFAS. |
