Developing, validating, and comparing an analytical method to simultaneously detect z-drugs in urine samples using the QuEChERS approach with both liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Autor:	Chauhan V; National Forensic Science University, Delhi Campus, Ministry of Home Affairs, Sec-3, Rohini, Delhi 110085, India., Sharma M; National Forensic Science University, Delhi Campus, Ministry of Home Affairs, Sec-3, Rohini, Delhi 110085, India., Tiwari A; Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, (U.P.) 244102, India., Tiwari V; Pharmacy Academy, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, (U.P.) 244102, India., Kumar M; Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India., Sharma A; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India., Marisetti AL; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India., Kumar A; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, India., Alhalmi A; School Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India., Noman OM; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia., Alahdab A; Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society [Saudi Pharm J] 2024 Feb; Vol. 32 (2), pp. 101950. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 02.
DOI:	10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101950
Abstrakt:	Detecting z-drugs, a sedative-hypnotic medication, is also misused for criminal activities. Therefore, the analysis of urine samples is crucial for clinical and forensic purposes. We conducted a study where we developed, validated, and compared an analytical method for simultaneously detecting z-drugs in urine samples. Our approach uses the QuEChERS method for sample preparation, combined with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We optimized the QuEChERS method to effectively extract z-drugs from urine samples while minimizing matrix effects and achieving high recovery rates. After extraction, we split the samples into two parts for analysis using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. We validated our methods, and the results showed good linearity over a broad concentration range (1-200 ng/mL) for each z-drug. The limits of detection and quantification were within clinically relevant ranges, ensuring sensitivity for detecting z-drugs in urine samples. We compared the two chromatographic techniques by analyzing a set of urine samples spiked with known concentrations of z-drugs using both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods and then applied to the real samples. The results were statistically analyzed to assess any significant differences in accuracy and precision above 95 %, and both methods offered reliable and consistent results with the samples as well. In conclusion, our analytical method coupled with both LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS using the QuEChERS approach provides a comprehensive and robust solution for the simultaneous detection of z-drugs in urine samples. The choice between the two chromatographic techniques can be based on the specific z-drugs of interest and the required analytical performance. This method holds promise for applications in clinical toxicology, forensic analysis, and monitoring z-drug usage. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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