3D-printed extraction devices fabricated from silica particles suspended in acrylate resin.

Autor: Georgiev P; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland., Belka M; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland., Kroll D; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland., Bączek T; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland., Opiełka M; Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland., Rutkowska A; Department of Anatomy, Division of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland., Ulenberg S; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: szymon.ulenberg@gumed.edu.pl.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of chromatography. A [J Chromatogr A] 2024 Feb 22; Vol. 1717, pp. 464671. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 23.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464671
Abstrakt: In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in the use of alternative sample preparation methods. Digital light processing (DLP) is a 3D printing technique based on using UV light to form photo-curable resin layer upon layer, which results in a printed shape. This study explores the application of this technique for the development of novel drug extraction devices in analytical chemistry. A composite material consisting of a photocurable resin and C18-modified silica particles was employed as a sorbent device, demonstrating its effectiveness in pharmaceutical analysis. Apart from estimating optimal printing parameters, microscopic examination of the material surface, and sorbent powder to resin ratio, the extraction procedure was also optimised. Optimisation included the type and amount of sample matrix additives, desorption solvent, sorption and desorption times, and proper number of sorbent devices needed in extraction protocol. To demonstrate this method's applicability for sample analysis, the solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS) method was validated for its ability to quantify benzodiazepine-type drugs. This evaluation confirmed good linearity in the concentration range of 50-1000 ng/mL, with R 2 values being 0.9932 and 0.9952 for medazepam and diazepam, respectively. Validation parameters proved that the presented method is precise (with values ranging in-between 2.98 %-7.40 %), and accurate (88.81 % to 110.80 %). A negative control was also performed to investigate possible sorption properties of the resin itself, proving that the addition of C18-modified silica particles significantly increases the extraction efficiency and repeatability. The cost-effectiveness of this approach makes it particularly advantageous for single-use scenarios, eliminating the need for time-consuming sorbent-cleaning procedures, common in traditional solid-phase extraction techniques. Future optimisation opportunities include refining sorbent size, shape, and geometry to achieve lower limits of quantification. As a result of these findings, 3D-printed extraction devices can serve as a viable alternative to commercially available SPE or solid-phase microextraction (SPME) protocols for studying new sample preparation approaches.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Mariusz Belka reports financial support was provided by National Science Centre Poland. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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