Argument-based inductive logics, with coverage of compromised perception.

Autor:	Bringsjord S; Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab, Department of Computer Science, Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States., Giancola M; Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab, Department of Computer Science, Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States., Govindarajulu NS; Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab, Department of Computer Science, Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States., Slowik J; Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab, Department of Computer Science, Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States., Oswald J; Rensselaer AI & Reasoning (RAIR) Lab, Department of Computer Science, Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States., Bello P; Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States., Clark M; College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in artificial intelligence [Front Artif Intell] 2024 Jan 08; Vol. 6, pp. 1144569. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 08 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/frai.2023.1144569
Abstrakt:	Formal deductive logic, used to express and reason over declarative, axiomatizable content, captures, we now know, essentially all of what is known in mathematics and physics, and captures as well the details of the proofs by which such knowledge has been secured. This is certainly impressive, but deductive logic alone cannot enable rational adjudication of arguments that are at variance (however much additional information is added). After affirming a fundamental directive, according to which argumentation should be the basis for human-centric AI, we introduce and employ both a deductive and-crucially-an inductive cognitive calculus . The former cognitive calculus, DCEC , is the deductive one and is used with our automated deductive reasoner ShadowProver; the latter, IDCEC , is inductive, is used with the automated inductive reasoner ShadowAdjudicator, and is based on human-used concepts of likelihood (and in some dialects of IDCEC , probability). We explain that ShadowAdjudicator centers around the concept of competing and nuanced arguments adjudicated non-monotonically through time. We make things clearer and more concrete by way of three case studies, in which our two automated reasoners are employed. Case Study 1 involves the famous Monty Hall Problem. Case Study 2 makes vivid the efficacy of our calculi and automated reasoners in simulations that involve a cognitive robot (PERI.2). In Case Study 3, as we explain, the simulation employs the cognitive architecture ARCADIA, which is designed to computationally model human-level cognition in ways that take perception and attention seriously. We also discuss a type of argument rarely analyzed in logic-based AI; arguments intended to persuade by leveraging human deficiencies. We end by sharing thoughts about the future of research and associated engineering of the type that we have displayed. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Bringsjord, Giancola, Govindarajulu, Slowik, Oswald, Bello and Clark.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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