| Autor: |
Lopez-Gonzalez L; Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain., Sanchez Cendra A; Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain., Sanchez Cendra C; Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain., Roberts Cervantes ED; Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain., Espinosa JC; Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain., Pekarek T; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Fraile-Martinez O; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., García-Montero C; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Rodriguez-Slocker AM; Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Jiménez-Álvarez L; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.; Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Guijarro LG; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Aguado-Henche S; Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain., Monserrat J; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Alvarez-Mon M; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.; Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Pekarek L; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Ortega MA; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.; Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain., Diaz-Pedrero R; Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain.; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.; Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain. |
| Abstrakt: |
Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy in the present day, particularly affecting women as one of the most common forms of cancer. A significant portion of patients initially present with localized disease, for which curative treatments are pursued. Conversely, another substantial segment is diagnosed with metastatic disease, which has a worse prognosis. Recent years have witnessed a profound transformation in the prognosis for this latter group, primarily due to the discovery of various biomarkers and the emergence of targeted therapies. These biomarkers, encompassing serological, histological, and genetic indicators, have demonstrated their value across multiple aspects of breast cancer management. They play crucial roles in initial diagnosis, aiding in the detection of relapses during follow-up, guiding the application of targeted treatments, and offering valuable insights for prognostic stratification, especially for highly aggressive tumor types. Molecular markers have now become the keystone of metastatic breast cancer diagnosis, given the diverse array of chemotherapy options and treatment modalities available. These markers signify a transformative shift in the arsenal of therapeutic options against breast cancer. Their diagnostic precision enables the categorization of tumors with elevated risks of recurrence, increased aggressiveness, and heightened mortality. Furthermore, the existence of therapies tailored to target specific molecular anomalies triggers a cascade of changes in tumor behavior. Therefore, the primary objective of this article is to offer a comprehensive review of the clinical, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility of the principal biomarkers currently in use, as well as of their clinical impact on metastatic breast cancer. In doing so, our goal is to contribute to a more profound comprehension of this complex disease and, ultimately, to enhance patient outcomes through more precise and effective treatment strategies. |
