Brain organoids and organoid intelligence from ethical, legal, and social points of view.

Autor:	Hartung T; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.; CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Morales Pantoja IE; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States., Smirnova L; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in artificial intelligence [Front Artif Intell] 2024 Jan 05; Vol. 6, pp. 1307613. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 05 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/frai.2023.1307613
Abstrakt:	Human brain organoids, aka cerebral organoids or earlier "mini-brains", are 3D cellular models that recapitulate aspects of the developing human brain. They show tremendous promise for advancing our understanding of neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. However, the unprecedented ability to model human brain development and function in vitro also raises complex ethical, legal, and social challenges. Organoid Intelligence (OI) describes the ongoing movement to combine such organoids with Artificial Intelligence to establish basic forms of memory and learning. This article discusses key issues regarding the scientific status and prospects of brain organoids and OI, conceptualizations of consciousness and the mind-brain relationship, ethical and legal dimensions, including moral status, human-animal chimeras, informed consent, and governance matters, such as oversight and regulation. A balanced framework is needed to allow vital research while addressing public perceptions and ethical concerns. Interdisciplinary perspectives and proactive engagement among scientists, ethicists, policymakers, and the public can enable responsible translational pathways for organoid technology. A thoughtful, proactive governance framework might be needed to ensure ethically responsible progress in this promising field. Competing Interests: TH is a named inventor on a patent by Johns Hopkins University on the production of mini-brains (also called BrainSpheres), which is licensed to Axo-Sim, New Orleans, LA, USA. He is a shareholder of, and he and LS are consultants for, AxoSim, New Orleans; TH is also a consultant of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and was until recently consultant for AstraZeneca on advanced cell culture methods. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were editorial board members of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. (Copyright © 2024 Hartung, Morales Pantoja and Smirnova.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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