| Autor: |
Trofor AC; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania.; Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania., Robu Popa D; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania., Melinte OE; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania.; Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania., Trofor L; Private Practice in Psychiatry, 06800 Nice, France., Vicol C; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania., Grosu-Creangă IA; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania.; Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania., Crișan Dabija RA; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania.; Clinical Hospital of Pulmonary Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania., Cernomaz AT; Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Grigore T. Popa', 700115 Iasi, Romania. |
| Abstrakt: |
Long COVID is a recently described entity that is responsible for significant morbidity and that has consequences ranging from mild to life-threatening. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, and treatment options are currently limited, as existing data focus more on risk factors and predictors. Smoking has been reported as a risk factor for poor outcomes of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and seems to also play a role in mediating post-COVID-19 symptoms. We aimed to review relevant work addressing the interaction between smoking and long COVID in order to characterize smoking's role as a risk factor and possibly identify new research directions. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched using the keywords 'smoking', 'long COVID', and 'post-acute COVID' to identify relevant English-language articles published up to October 2023. Results and conclusions: From the 374 initial hits, a total of 36 papers were deemed relevant to the aim of the review. There was significant variability concerning the ways in which tobacco usage was quantified and reported; still, there is compelling evidence linking smoking to an increased risk of developing manifestations of post-acute-COVID disease. Some clinical conditions, such as dyspnea, cardiovascular symptoms, and cognitive or mental-health impairment, seem to be relatively strongly associated with smoking, while the connection between smoking and upper-airway involvement seems less certain. The available data support recommending smoking cessation as a clinical tool for the prevention of long COVID. |
