Sulfur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b.

Autor: Powell D; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA. diana.powell@uchicago.edu.; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. diana.powell@uchicago.edu., Feinstein AD; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Lee EKH; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Zhang M; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Tsai SM; Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA., Taylor J; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.; Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada., Kirk J; Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK., Bell T; Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA., Barstow JK; School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK., Gao P; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA., Bean JL; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Blecic J; Department of Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.; Center for Astro, Particle, and Planetary Physics (CAP3), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Chubb KL; Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK., Crossfield IJM; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA., Jordan S; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Kitzmann D; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Moran SE; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Morello G; Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain.; INAF - Palermo Astronomical Observatory, Palermo, Italy., Moses JI; Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA., Welbanks L; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA., Yang J; Planetary Sciences Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Zhang X; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Ahrer EM; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Bello-Arufe A; Astrophysics Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Brande J; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA., Casewell SL; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Crouzet N; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands., Cubillos PE; INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria., Demory BO; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Space and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Dyrek A; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Flagg L; Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.; Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA., Hu R; Astrophysics Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Inglis J; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Jones KD; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Kreidberg L; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany., López-Morales M; Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA., Lagage PO; Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, AIM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Meier Valdés EA; Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Miguel Y; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Leiden, The Netherlands., Parmentier V; Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, French Riviera, France., Piette AAA; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA., Rackham BV; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA., Radica M; Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.; Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada., Redfield S; Astronomy Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA.; Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA., Stevenson KB; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA., Wakeford HR; School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Aggarwal K; Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India., Alam MK; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, USA., Batalha NM; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Batalha NE; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA., Benneke B; Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.; Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada., Berta-Thompson ZK; Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Brady RP; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK., Caceres C; Instituto de Astrofisica, Facultad Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.; Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA), Santiago, Chile.; Núcleo Milenio de Formación Planetaria (NPF), Valparaíso, Chile., Carter AL; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Désert JM; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Harrington J; Planetary Sciences Group, Department of Physics and Florida Space Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA., Iro N; Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany., Line MR; School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA., Lothringer JD; Department of Physics, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA., MacDonald RJ; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Mancini L; INAF - Turin Astrophysical Observatory, Pino Torinese, Italy.; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany.; Department of Physics, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy., Molaverdikhani K; Universitäts-Sternwarte, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.; Exzellenzcluster Origins, Garching, Germany., Mukherjee S; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA., Nixon MC; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Oza AV; Astrophysics Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA., Palle E; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, Spain., Rustamkulov Z; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Sing DK; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA., Steinrueck ME; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg, Germany., Venot O; Université de Paris Cité and Université Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, LISA, Paris, France., Wheatley PJ; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK., Yurchenko SN; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2024 Feb; Vol. 626 (8001), pp. 979-983. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 17.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07040-9
Abstrakt: The recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations 1-3 suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres 4 . This is because of the low (<1 ppb) abundance of SO 2 under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H 2 O and H 2 S (1-10 ppm) 4-9 . However, the SO 2 inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 μm and, therefore, the detection of other SO 2 absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO 2 abundance. Here we report the detection of SO 2 spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 μm in the 5-12-μm transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) 10 . Our observations suggest an abundance of SO 2 of 0.5-25 ppm (1σ range), consistent with previous findings 4 . As well as SO 2 , we find broad water-vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 μm. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy-element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of approximately 7.1-8.0 times solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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