Understanding others' preferences: A comparison across primate species and human societies.

Autor: Kaminski J; Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom., Stengelin R; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.; Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia., Girndt A; Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany., Haun D; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.; Faculty of Education, Leipzig Research Centre for Early Child Development & Department for Early Child Development and Culture, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany., Liebal K; Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.; Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Jan 17; Vol. 19 (1), pp. e0295221. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 17 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295221
Abstrakt: We investigated children's and non-human great apes' ability to anticipate others' choices from their evident food preferences-regardless of whether these preferences deviate or align with one's own. We assessed children from three culturally-diverse societies (Namibia, Germany, and Samoa; N = 71; age range = 5-11) and four non-human great ape species (chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo abelii); N = 25; age range = 7-29) regarding their choices in a dyadic food-retrieval task. Across conditions, participants' preferences were either aligned (same preference condition) or opposed (opposite preference condition) to those of their competitors. Children across societies altered their choices based on their competitor's preferences, indicating a cross-culturally recurrent capacity to anticipate others' choices relying on preferences-based inferences. In contrast to human children, all non-human great apes chose according to their own preferences but independent of those of their competitors. In sum, these results suggest that the tendency to anticipate others' choices based on their food preferences is cross-culturally robust and, among the great apes, most likely specific to humans.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Kaminski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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