Focus areas and methodological characteristics of North American-based health disparity research in sports medicine: a scoping review.

Autor:	Kliethermes SA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA kliethermes@ortho.wisc.edu.; The American Medical Society For Sports Medicine, Leawood, Kansas, USA., Asif IM; Family and Community Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Blauwet C; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation; Spaulding Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.; Kelley Adaptive Sports Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Christensen L; Department of Library Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA., Coleman N; Pediatric Primary Care, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA., Lavallee ME; Department of Orthopedics, UPMC, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA., Moeller JL; Orthopaedic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA., Phillips SF; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State Health, Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, USA., Rao A; Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Rizzone KH; Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA., Sund S; The American Medical Society For Sports Medicine, Leawood, Kansas, USA., Tanji JL; Orthopedics, UC Davis Sports Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA., Tuakli-Wosornu YA; Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA., Stafford CD 2nd; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitations Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	British journal of sports medicine [Br J Sports Med] 2024 Feb 07; Vol. 58 (3), pp. 164-171. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 07.
DOI:	10.1136/bjsports-2023-107607
Abstrakt:	Objective: Health disparities are widely prevalent; however, little has been done to examine and address their causes and effects in sports and exercise medicine (SEM). We aimed to summarise the focus areas and methodology used for existing North American health disparity research in SEM and to identify gaps in the evidence base. Design: Scoping review. Data Sources: Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligibility Criteria: Full-text, peer-reviewed manuscripts of primary research, conducted in North America; published in the year 2000 or after, in English; and focusing on organised sports were included. Results: 103 articles met inclusion criteria. Articles were classified into five focus areas: access to and participation in sports (n=45), access to SEM care (n=28), health-related outcomes in SEM (n=24), provider representation in SEM (n=5) and methodology (n=1). Race/ethnicity (n=39), socioeconomic status (n=28) and sex (n=27) were the most studied potential causes of health disparities, whereas sexual orientation (n=5), location (rural/urban/suburban, n=5), education level (n=5), body composition (n=5), gender identity (n=4) and language (n=2) were the least studied. Most articles (n=74) were cross-sectional, conducted on youth (n=55) and originated in the USA (n=90). Conclusion: Health disparity research relevant to SEM in North America is limited. The overall volume and breadth of research required to identify patterns in a heterogeneous sports landscape, which can then be used to inform positive change, need expansion. Intentional research focused on assessing the intersectionality, causes and consequences of health disparities in SEM is necessary. Competing Interests: Competing interests: SAK, YAT-W and AR are associate editors for BJSM. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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