Pedological formations on old mountain geomorphological surfaces of central Spain.

Autor:	Jiménez-Ballesta R; Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Bravo S; University of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain., Pérez-de-Los-Reyes C; University of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain., Amorós JA; University of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain., Villena J; University of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain., García-Navarro FJ; University of Castilla-La Mancha. High Technical School of Agricultural Engineers of Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Heliyon [Heliyon] 2023 Dec 18; Vol. 10 (1), pp. e23852. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 18 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23852
Abstrakt:	The chemo-morphological properties of soils on ancient landforms (quarzitic pliocene alluvial fans, pleistocene terraces), namely "rañizos", on middle-high mountains (Eastern-Central System, Iberian Peninsula, Rio Negro, Cogolludo) were investigated. Several properties were analyzed by standard procedures. A detailed soil diagnostics and classification on "rañizos" were done, unlike those widely studied on "rañas" (similar landform), by identifying parallel pedogenetic processes in both formations. The genetic and geographic features of Alfisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols are closely related to the nature of their parent materials, based on quartzite and quartz conglomerates, sometimes with an arkosic matrix, red shale, polygenic gravels and pebbles. Soil features were determined by genuine soil-forming inherent lithological rock properties. Other driving factors were flat topography and enough soil formation time to allow intense pedogenesis. The main soil-forming processes were intense weathering, clay enrichment horizons with illuviation, red color caused by iron oxide dehydration and signs of pseudogleyzation processes. Such pedological formations can be considered endemisms; that is, "rare" soils and, up to a point, "relict". The soil reaction is acid/slightly acid with low base saturation. Despite lying on mountains, soils are characterized by moderate-low organic matter content. Soil conditions and climate provide good vine production requirements despite acidity levels. A common feature of all Rio Negro soils is the presence of gravel (size up to 3-5 cm), which is evenly distributed on arable layers. The results can be used to assess vineyard soil use in a potential Pago (Protected Denomination of Origin) and to extend the database of vineyard soils from poorly studied Mediterranean continental mountain regions. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2023 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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