Sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management enhances the physiological performance, water productivity, and yield of soybean under system of crop intensification.

Autor: Sachin KS; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Dass A; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Dhar S; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Rajanna GA; ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Regional Station, Ananatpur, Andhra Pradesh, India., Singh T; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Sudhishri S; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Sannagoudar MS; ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India., Choudhary AK; ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India., Kushwaha HL; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Praveen BR; ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India., Prasad S; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Sharma VK; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Pooniya V; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Krishnan P; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Khanna M; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Singh R; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Varatharajan T; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., Kumari K; ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India., Nithinkumar K; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India., San AA; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.; Department of Agricultural Research, Regional Research Centre, Aung Ban, Myanmar., Devi AD; ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Frontiers in plant science [Front Plant Sci] 2023 Dec 18; Vol. 14, pp. 1282217. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 18 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1282217
Abstrakt: Sensor-based decision tools provide a quick assessment of nutritional and physiological health status of crop, thereby enhancing the crop productivity. Therefore, a 2-year field study was undertaken with precision nutrient and irrigation management under system of crop intensification (SCI) to understand the applicability of sensor-based decision tools in improving the physiological performance, water productivity, and seed yield of soybean crop. The experiment consisted of three irrigation regimes [I 1 : standard flood irrigation at 50% depletion of available soil moisture (DASM) (FI), I 2 : sprinkler irrigation at 80% ET C (crop evapo-transpiration) (Spr 80% ET C ), and I 3 : sprinkler irrigation at 60% ET C (Spr 60% ET C )] assigned in main plots, with five precision nutrient management (PNM) practices{PNM 1 -[SCI protocol], PNM 2 -[RDF, recommended dose of fertilizer: basal dose incorporated (50% N, full dose of P and K)], PNM 3 -[RDF: basal dose point placement (BDP) (50% N, full dose of P and K)], PNM 4 -[75% RDF: BDP (50% N, full dose of P and K)] and PNM 5 -[50% RDF: BDP (50% N, full P and K)]} assigned in sub-plots using a split-plot design with three replications. The remaining 50% N was top-dressed through SPAD assistance for all the PNM practices. Results showed that the adoption of Spr 80% ET C resulted in an increment of 25.6%, 17.6%, 35.4%, and 17.5% in net-photosynthetic rate (P n ), transpiration rate (T r ), stomatal conductance (G s ), and intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), respectively, over FI. Among PNM plots, adoption of PNM 3 resulted in a significant ( p =0.05) improvement in photosynthetic characters like P n (15.69 µ mol CO 2 m -2 s -1 ), T r (7.03 m mol H 2 O m -2 s- 1 ), G s (0.175 µmol CO 2 mol -1 year -1 ), and C i (271.7 mol H 2 O m 2 s -1 ). Enhancement in SPAD (27% and 30%) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (42% and 52%) values were observed with nitrogen (N) top dressing through SPAD-guided nutrient management, helped enhance crop growth indices, coupled with better dry matter partitioning and interception of sunlight. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) in soybean reduced by 3.09-4.66°C due to adoption of sprinkler irrigation. Likewise, Spr 60% ETc recorded highest irrigation water productivity (1.08 kg ha -1 m -3 ). However, economic water productivity (27.5 INR ha -1 m -3 ) and water-use efficiency (7.6 kg ha -1 mm -1 day -1 ) of soybean got enhanced under Spr 80% ETc over conventional cultivation. Multiple correlation and PCA showed a positive correlation between physiological, growth, and yield parameters of soybean. Concurrently, the adoption of Spr 80% ET C with PNM 3 recorded significantly higher grain yield (2.63 t ha -1 ) and biological yield (8.37 t ha -1 ) over other combinations. Thus, the performance of SCI protocols under sprinkler irrigation was found to be superior over conventional practices. Hence, integrating SCI with sensor-based precision nutrient and irrigation management could be a viable option for enhancing the crop productivity and enhance the resource-use efficiency in soybean under similar agro-ecological regions.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Sachin, Dass, Dhar, Rajanna, Singh, Sudhishri, Sannagoudar, Choudhary, Kushwaha, Praveen, Prasad, Sharma, Pooniya, Krishnan, Khanna, Singh, Varatharajan, Kumari, Nithinkumar, San and Devi.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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