Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Hampers COVID-19: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study in High-Burden Endemic Areas of Iran.

Autor: Bamorovat M; Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. mehdimorovat@ymail.com., Sharifi I; Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. iraj.sharifi@yahoo.com., Shafiei Bafti M; Institute for Studies in Medicine History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Deputy for Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Agha Kuchak Afshari S; Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Aflatoonian MR; Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Karamoozian A; Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Jafarzadeh A; Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Amirzadeh R; Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Khosravi A; Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Babaei Z; Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Safa F; Deputy for Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Sharifi F; Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Heshmatkhah A; Dadbin Health Clinic, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of epidemiology and global health [J Epidemiol Glob Health] 2024 Mar; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 142-153. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 08.
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00179-0
Abstrakt: Introduction: Emerging infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 can cause pandemics and create a critical risk for humans. In a previous pilot study, we reported that the immunological responses induced by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) could decrease the incidence and severity of COVID-19. In this large-scale case-control study, we assessed the possible relationship between mortality and morbidity of COVID-19 in healed CL persons suffering scars compared to cases without CL history.
Methods: This controlled cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2020 and December 2022 in the endemic and high-burden areas of CL in southeastern Iran. In the study, 1400 previous CL cases with scars and 1,521,329 subjects who had no previous CL were analyzed. We used R 4.0.2 to analyze the data. Firth's bias reduction approach corresponding to the penalization of likelihood logistic regression by Jeffreys was also employed to influence the variables in the dataset. Also, a Bayesian ordinal logistic regression model was performed to explore the COVID-19 severity in both case and referent groups.
Results: The occurrence and severity rate of COVID-19 in CL scar cases are significantly less than in the non-CL control group, while in the CL scar subjects, patients with critical conditions and mortality were not observed. The morbidity (OR = 0.11, CI 0.06-0.20 and P < 0.001) and severity of COVID-19 in previous cases with CL scars were significantly diminished than that in the control group (credible interval - 2.57, - 1.62).
Conclusions: The results represented a durable negative relationship between cured CL and COVID-19 incidence and severity. Additional studies seem necessary and should be designed to further validate the true impact and underlying mechanistic action of CL on COVID-19.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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