Immune and inflammatory mechanisms in hypertension.

Autor: Guzik TJ; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. tguzik@ed.ac.uk.; Department of Medicine and Omicron Medical Genomics Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland. tguzik@ed.ac.uk.; Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK. tguzik@ed.ac.uk., Nosalski R; Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Maffia P; Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence (CoRE) in Non-Communicable Diseases & Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance ARUA & The Guild, Glasgow, UK.; School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Drummond GR; Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature reviews. Cardiology [Nat Rev Cardiol] 2024 Jun; Vol. 21 (6), pp. 396-416. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 03.
DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00964-1
Abstrakt: Hypertension is a global health problem, with >1.3 billion individuals with high blood pressure worldwide. In this Review, we present an inflammatory paradigm for hypertension, emphasizing the crucial roles of immune cells, cytokines and chemokines in disease initiation and progression. T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and natural killer cells are all implicated in hypertension. Neoantigens, the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased sympathetic outflow, as well as cytokines (including IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-21) and a high-salt environment, can contribute to immune activation in hypertension. The activated immune cells migrate to target organs such as arteries (especially the perivascular fat and adventitia), kidneys, the heart and the brain, where they release effector cytokines that elevate blood pressure and cause vascular remodelling, renal damage, cardiac hypertrophy, cognitive impairment and dementia. IL-17 secreted by CD4 + T helper 17 cells and γδ T cells, and interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor secreted by immunosenescent CD8 + T cells, exert crucial effector roles in hypertension, whereas IL-10 and regulatory T cells are protective. Effector mediators impair nitric oxide bioavailability, leading to endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular contractility. Inflammatory effector mediators also alter renal sodium and water balance and promote renal fibrosis. These mechanisms link hypertension with obesity, autoimmunity, periodontitis and COVID-19. A comprehensive understanding of the immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension is crucial for safely and effectively translating the findings to clinical practice.
(© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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