Establishing Population Values for Chlorine Exposure in the United States (2015-2016) Using 2 Chlorine Biomarkers, 3-Chlorotyrosine and 3,5-Dichlorotyrosine.

Autor:	Boles SL; National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Pantazides BG; National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Perez JW; National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Sternberg MR; National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Crow BS; National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States., Blake TA; National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The journal of applied laboratory medicine [J Appl Lab Med] 2024 Mar 01; Vol. 9 (2), pp. 342-349.
DOI:	10.1093/jalm/jfad114
Abstrakt:	Background: In the United States, 12 million short tons of chlorine are manufactured and transported each year. Due to the volume of this volatile chemical, large- and small-scale chemical exposures occur frequently. To diagnose and treat potentially exposed individuals, reference range values for confirmatory biomarkers are required to differentiate between normal and abnormal exposure levels. Methods: Serum surplus samples (n = 1780) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 were measured for 2 chlorine biomarkers, 3-chlorotyrosine (Cl-Tyr) and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine (Cl2-Tyr), by liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. We evaluated demographic factors associated with elevated biomarker levels. Results: Participant samples were analyzed for the chlorine biomarkers Cl-Tyr and Cl2-Tyr. In the unweighted analysis of these samples, 1349 (75.8%) were under the limit of detection (< LOD) of 2.50 ng/mL for Cl-Tyr and 1773 (99.6%) were < LOD for Cl2-Tyr. Samples within the method reportable range were 2.50 to 35.6 ng/mL for Cl-Tyr and 2.69 to 11.2 ng/mL for Cl2-Tyr. Since only 7 of the 1780 participants had detectable Cl2-Tyr, statistical analysis was limited to Cl-Tyr. Of the demographic characteristics examined, age, body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and sex exhibited statistically significant differences in the weighted prevalence of detectable Cl-Tyr. Conclusions: This is the first reported set of Cl-Tyr and Cl2-Tyr population values for the United States. This population range coupled with NHANES demographic information could help healthcare professionals distinguish between normal and abnormal chlorine biomarker levels in an emergency. With this information, an inference could be made when determining acute chlorine exposure in individuals. (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine 2024.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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