| Autor: |
Jiang Y; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore., Vázquez RJ; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore.; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States., McCuskey SR; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore.; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore., Yip BRP; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore., Quek G; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore., Ohayon D; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore., Kundukad B; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore., Wang X; Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2629 JB, Netherlands., Bazan GC; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.; Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, 117544, Singapore.; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
In alignment with widespread interest in carbon neutralization and sustainable practices, we disclose that conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) hydrogels are a type of recyclable, electrochemically stable, and environmentally friendly pseudocapacitive material for energy storage applications. By leveraging ionic-electronic coupling in a relatively fluid medium, one finds that hydrogels prepared using a fresh batch of an anionic CPE, namely, Pris-CPE-K, exhibit a specific capacitance of 32.6 ± 6.6 F g -1 in 2 M NaCl and are capable of 80% (26.1 ± 6.5 F g -1 ) capacitance retention after 100,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles at a current density ( J ) of 10 A g -1 . We note that equilibration under a constant potential prior to GCD analysis leads to the K + counterions in the CPE exchanging with Na + and, thus, the relevant active material Pris-CPE-Na. It is possible to remove the CPE material from the electrochemical cell via extraction with water and to carry out a simple purification through dialysis to produce a recycled material, namely Re-CPE-Na. The recycling workup has no significant detrimental impact on the electrochemical performance. Specifically, Re-CPE-Na hydrogels display an initial specific capacitance of 26.3 ± 1.2 F g -1 (at 10 A g -1 ) and retain 77% of the capacitance after a subsequent 100,000 GCD cycles. Characterization by NMR, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopies, together with XPS and GPC measurements, revealed no change in the structure of the backbone or side chains. However, rheological measurements gave evidence of a slight loss in G ' and G ''. Overall, that CPE hydrogels display recyclability argues in favor of considering them as a novel materials platform for energy storage applications within an economically viable circular recycling strategy. |
