Pulse-width modulated temporal interference (PWM-TI) brain stimulation.

Autor: Luff CE; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom., Dzialecka P; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom., Acerbo E; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), INSERM, UMR_1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Williamson A; Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), INSERM, UMR_1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic., Grossman N; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nirg@imperial.ac.uk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Brain stimulation [Brain Stimul] 2024 Jan-Feb; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 92-103. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 23.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.12.010
Abstrakt: Background: Electrical stimulation involving temporal interference of two different kHz frequency sinusoidal electric fields (temporal interference (TI)) enables non-invasive deep brain stimulation, by creating an electric field that is amplitude modulated at the slow difference frequency (within the neural range), at the target brain region.
Objective: Here, we investigate temporal interference neural stimulation using square, rather than sinusoidal, electric fields that create an electric field that is pulse-width, but not amplitude, modulated at the difference frequency (pulse-width modulated temporal interference, (PWM-TI)).
Methods/results: We show, using ex-vivo single-cell recordings and in-vivo calcium imaging, that PWM-TI effectively stimulates neural activity at the difference frequency at a similar efficiency to traditional TI. We then demonstrate, using computational modelling, that the PWM stimulation waveform induces amplitude-modulated membrane potential depolarization due to the membrane's intrinsic low-pass filtering property.
Conclusions: PWM-TI can effectively drive neural activity at the difference frequency. The PWM-TI mechanism involves converting an envelope amplitude-fixed PWM field to an amplitude-modulated membrane potential via the low-pass filtering of the passive neural membrane. Unveiling the biophysics underpinning the neural response to complex electric fields may facilitate the development of new brain stimulation strategies with improved precision and efficiency.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest NG. is an inventor of a patent on neuromodulation using temporal interference (TI) of kHz electric fields, assigned to MIT. NG is a co-founder of TI Solutions AG, a company committed to producing hardware and software solutions to support TI research.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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