Utilization, reimbursement, and price trends for Hepatitis C virus medications in the US Medicaid programs: 2001-2021.

Autor:	Gari MH; James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA., Alsuhibani A; James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia., Alashgar A; James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia., Guo JJ; James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy [Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm] 2023 Nov 28; Vol. 12, pp. 100383. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 28 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100383
Abstrakt:	Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) remains a challenging health problem worldwide, with increasing incidence despite being curable with Direct Acting Antiviral (DAA) agents. Objective: This study aimed to describe the utilization, reimbursement, and price trends of HCV treatments and evaluate the influence of treatment guidelines and policies. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive drug utilization study conducted using the outpatient pharmacy data extracted from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services State Drug Utilization Data between 2001 and 2021. All HCV treatments approved in the US were included, conventional therapy (CT), and DAA agents. The annual secular trends were calculated for each medication's total number of prescriptions, reimbursements, and prices. The average reimbursement per prescription was calculated and utilized as a proxy of prices. The HCV treatment guideline and policies and legislation were evaluated overtime to measure the impact on the trends. Results: Despite CT having a higher total utilization, DAA agents commanded significantly greater reimbursements, with 4.1 billion USD for CT and 19.45 billion USD for DAA agents. CT utilization increased rapidly and dominated the market until 2011, peaking at 379,696 prescriptions in 2003 but declining afterward. DAA agents' utilization increased rapidly in their first year: i.e., sofosbuvir reached 50,377 prescriptions with 1.3 billion USD in 2014, while ledipasvir/sofosbuvir reached 79,387 prescriptions with 2 billion USD in 2015. The average price per prescription was high for the DAA agents, like 24,992 USD for sofosbuvir and 22,787 USD for ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, compared to CT medications ribavirin, around 500 USD, and pegINF, around 3000 USD. The new DAA agents replaced CT, and initiating market competition among DAA agents. Conclusion: The introduction of multiple DAA agents slightly changed their prescription prices but remained high during the study period. The recent increase in HCV incidence cases indicates accessibility issues for costly and effective DAA agents, with treatment guidelines and policies playing a critical role in shaping these trends. Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: No funding was received for conducting this study. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. (© 2023 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu