| Autor: |
Dodonova SA; Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia., Zhidkova EM; Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia., Kryukov AA; Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Kursk State Medical University, 305041 Kursk, Russia., Valiev TT; Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia., Kirsanov KI; Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia.; Faculty of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, 390026 Ryazan, Russia., Kulikov EP; Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Russian University of People's Friendship (RUDN) University, 117198 Moscow, Russia., Budunova IV; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA., Yakubovskaya MG; Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia.; Faculty of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, 390026 Ryazan, Russia., Lesovaya EA; Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia.; Faculty of Oncology, Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov, 390026 Ryazan, Russia.; Laboratory of Single Cell Biology, Russian University of People's Friendship (RUDN) University, 117198 Moscow, Russia. |
| Abstrakt: |
This review is focused on synephrine, the principal phytochemical found in bitter orange and other medicinal plants and widely used as a dietary supplement for weight loss/body fat reduction. We examine different aspects of synephrine biology, delving into its established and potential molecular targets, as well as its mechanisms of action. We present an overview of the origin, chemical composition, receptors, and pharmacological properties of synephrine, including its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity in various in vitro and animal models. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of the molecular targets and effects of synephrine with those of its metabolite, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist (SEGRA) Compound A (CpdA), which shares a similar chemical structure with synephrine. SEGRAs, including CpdA, have been extensively studied as glucocorticoid receptor activators that have a better benefit/risk profile than glucocorticoids due to their reduced adverse effects. We discuss the potential of synephrine usage as a template for the synthesis of new generation of non-steroidal SEGRAs. The review also provides insights into the safe pharmacological profile of synephrine. |
