Applications of the pinhole effect in clinical vision science.
| Autor: | Kanclerz P; From the Helsinki Retina Research Group, University of Helsinki, Finland (Kanclerz); Department of Ophthalmology, Hygeia Clinic, Gdansk, Poland (Kanclerz); The David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Khoramnia); Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (Atchison)., Khoramnia R, Atchison D |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Journal of cataract and refractive surgery [J Cataract Refract Surg] 2024 Jan 01; Vol. 50 (1), pp. 84-94. |
| DOI: | 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001318 |
| Abstrakt: | The pinhole effect is commonly used to discriminate uncorrected refractive error from ocular diseases. A small aperture limits the width of light beams entering the eye, thus increasing the depth of focus. The pinhole effect has also been used in spectacles, contact lenses, corneal inlays, and intraocular lenses (IOLs) to improve reading by compensating for loss of accommodative function. Pinhole spectacles improve near visual acuity, but reduce reading speed, increase interblink interval, and decrease tear break-up time. For contact lenses and IOLs, pinhole devices are usually used in the nondominant eye, which allow compensation of various refractive errors and decrease spectacle dependence. Pinhole corneal inlays are implanted during laser in situ keratomileusis or as a separate procedure. Pinhole IOLs are gaining popularity, particularly as they do not bring a risk of a local inflammatory reaction as corneal inlays do. Disadvantages of using the pinhole effect include high susceptibility to decentration, decrease in retinal luminance levels, and difficulties in performing fundus examinations or surgery in eyes with implanted devices. There are also concerns regarding perceptive issues with different retinal illuminances in the 2 eyes (the Pulfrich effect). Competing Interests: Disclosures: P. Kanclerz reports grants from Alcon Laboratories, Inc. and Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, non-financial support from Optopol Technology SA. R. Khoramnia reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Alimera, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Bayer Healthcare AG, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Hoya Surgical Optics GmbH, Novartis Corp., Physiol S.A., Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd., Roche Innovatis AG, personal fees, and non-financial support from Allergan, Inc., Kowa Optimed Deutschland GmbH, Ophtec BV, Oculentis GmbH/Teleon, Santen GmbH, and Acufocus, Inc., outside the submitted work. D. Atchison reports support from Coopervision, Inc. The authors report no conflicts of interest and have no proprietary interest in any of the materials mentioned in this article. (Copyright © 2023 Published by Wolters Kluwer on behalf of ASCRS and ESCRS.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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