Chlorella vulgaris extract and Imiquimod as new therapeutic targets for leishmaniasis: An immunological approach.

Autor: Melo MGN; Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Reino IBDSM; Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Vaitkevicius-Antão V; Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Silva JMD; Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Júnior JNDS; Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Andrade AF; Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Bezerra RP; Research Support Center, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Marques DAV; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, UPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Silva SFFD; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, UPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Araújo PSR; Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departament of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Lorena VMB; Departament of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Morais RCS; Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil., Paiva-Cavalcanti M; Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Fiocruz Pernambuco Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Electronic address: milena.cavalcanti@fiocruz.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Immunobiology [Immunobiology] 2024 Jan; Vol. 229 (1), pp. 152779. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152779
Abstrakt: The therapeutic regimen for the treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is targeted at the death of the parasite; therefore, it is essential to develop a treatment that can act on the parasite, combined with the modulation of the inflammatory profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to make an in vitro evaluation of the therapeutic potential of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) and Imiquimod for ATL. Selectivity indices (SI) were determined by inhibitory concentration assays (IC 50 ) in L. braziliensis cells and cytotoxic concentrations (CC 50 ) were measured in human cells using the MTT method, based on the CV microalgae extract (IC 50 concentrations of 15.63 to 500 µg/mL; CC 50 concentrations of 62.5-1000 µg/mL) in comparison with the reference drugs and Imiquimod. The immune response was evaluated in healthy human cells by gene expression (RT-qPCR) and cytokine production (Flow Cytometry). The CV extract (SI = 6.89) indicated promising results by showing higher SI than meglumine antimoniate (SI = 3.44) (reference drug). In all analyses, CV presented a protective profile by stimulating the production of Th1 profile cytokines to a larger extent than the reference drugs. Imiquimod showed a high expression for Tbx21, GATA3, RORc and Foxp3 genes, with increased production only of the TNF cytokine. Therefore, the data highlight the natural extract and Imiquimod as strong therapeutic or adjuvant candidates against ATL, owing to modulation of immune response profiles, low toxicity in human cells and toxic action on the parasite.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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