Dynamic MAIT Cell Recovery after Severe COVID-19 Is Transient with Signs of Heterogeneous Functional Anomalies.

Autor:	Kammann T; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Gorin JB; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Parrot T; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Gao Y; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Ponzetta A; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Emgård J; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Maleki KT; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Sekine T; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Rivera-Ballesteros O; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Gredmark-Russ S; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Rooyackers O; Department of Clinical Interventions and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Skagerberg M; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Eriksson LI; Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Norrby-Teglund A; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Mak JYW; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Fairlie DP; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Björkström NK; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Klingström J; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Ljunggren HG; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Aleman S; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Buggert M; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Strålin K; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Division of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Sandberg JK; Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) [J Immunol] 2024 Feb 01; Vol. 212 (3), pp. 389-396.
DOI:	10.4049/jimmunol.2300639
Abstrakt:	Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant population of unconventional T cells in humans and play important roles in immune defense against microbial infections. Severe COVID-19 is associated with strong activation of MAIT cells and loss of these cells from circulation. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of MAIT cells to recover after severe COVID-19. In longitudinal paired analysis, MAIT cells initially rebounded numerically and phenotypically in most patients at 4 mo postrelease from the hospital. However, the rebounding MAIT cells displayed signs of persistent activation with elevated expression of CD69, CD38, and HLA-DR. Although MAIT cell function was restored in many patients, a subgroup displayed a predominantly PD-1high functionally impaired MAIT cell pool. This profile was associated with poor expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B in response to IL-12 + L-18 and low levels of polyfunctionality. Unexpectedly, although the overall T cell counts recovered, normalization of the MAIT cell pool failed at 9-mo follow-up, with a clear decline in MAIT cell numbers and a further increase in PD-1 levels. Together, these results indicate an initial transient period of inconsistent recovery of MAIT cells that is not sustained and eventually fails. Persisting MAIT cell impairment in previously hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may have consequences for antimicrobial immunity and inflammation and could potentially contribute to post-COVID-19 health problems. (Copyright © 2024 The Authors.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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