The association of menopause with cardiometabolic disease risk factors in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Autor:	Chikwati RP, Chikowore T, Mahyoodeen NG; Department of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Jaff NG; From the Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., George JA, Crowther NJ
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Menopause (New York, N.Y.) [Menopause] 2024 Jan 01; Vol. 31 (1), pp. 77-85. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 18.
DOI:	10.1097/GME.0000000000002292
Abstrakt:	Importance: Menopause is an integral part of women's health, and studies in high-income countries have shown an increase in cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women. However, to date, no study has combined and assessed such studies across low- and middle-income countries. This would better inform early monitoring and intervention strategies for reducing CMD risk factor levels in midlife women in these regions. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate evidence from the literature on differences in CMD risk factors between premenopausal and postmenopausal midlife women living in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence Review: A systematic review with meta-analysis of original articles of all study designs from the databases PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science was conducted from conception until April 24, 2023. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Quality assessment of the articles was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, adapted for each study design. The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. For the meta-analysis, fixed-effects models were used to pool the odds ratios (OR), as measures of association. Findings: Our search identified 4,849 relevant articles: 44 for the systematic review and 16 for the meta-analysis, in accordance with our inclusion criteria. Compared with premenopausal women, the postmenopausal stage was associated with metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.11-1.27]), high waist-to-hip ratio (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.12-1.32]), hypertension (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.04-1.16]), elevated triglycerides (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.11-1.21]), and elevated plasma glucose (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.15-1.28]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study confirmed that CMD risk factors are present at higher levels in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. This demonstrates an urgent need for public health policies that focus on early monitoring and interventions targeted at reducing CMD risk and related adverse outcomes in midlife women in these nations. Competing Interests: Financial disclosure/conflicts of interest: Nicole G. Jaff receives funding from the International Menopause Society and the South African Menopause Society. Tinashe Chikowore is an international training fellow supported by the Wellcome Trust grant (214205/Z/18/Z). The other authors have nothing to disclose. (Copyright © 2023 by The Menopause Society.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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