Origin, spatial distribution, sediment contamination, ecological and health risk evaluation of trace metals in sediments of ship breaking area of Bangladesh.
Autor: | Hasan AB; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh., Reza AHMS; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. Electronic address: sreza69@yahoo.com., Siddique MAB; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh., Akbor MA; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh., Nahar A; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh., Hasan M; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dkaka 1205, Bangladesh., Uddin MR; Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy (IMMM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Joypurhat, Bangladesh., Zaman MN; Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy (IMMM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Joypurhat, Bangladesh., Islam I; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | Journal of hazardous materials [J Hazard Mater] 2024 Mar 05; Vol. 465, pp. 133214. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 12. |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133214 |
Abstrakt: | Eleven trace metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Zn, As, Pb, and Ag) in sediments of Bangladesh's ship breaking area were measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer to determine origin, contamination extent, spatial distributions, and associated ecological and human health hazards. This study found considerable quantities of Pb, Cd, Mn, Zn, and Cu when compared with standards and high levels of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, As, and Ag contamination according to pollution evaluation indices. Different indices indicate most of the sampling sites were highly polluted. However, spatial distribution maps indicate that trace metals were predominantly deposited in the northern and southern region. The ecological risk index revealed that Cd has the highest while Pb and As had moderate risk. Based on the health index values, Zn for both adults and children were higher than the safe limit while Mn, Pb, Cr, As, Fe, Cu, Ni, and Co for children were close to the threshold. The mean total carcinogenic risk values of Cr, As, and Ni for children and Ni for adults exceeded the permissible threshold. The cancer risk possibilities were further assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. Most trace metals have anthropogenic origins, which were attributed to ship breaking activities. Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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