Metabolic diversity in commensal protists regulates intestinal immunity and trans-kingdom competition.

Autor:	Gerrick ER; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Zlitni S; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., West PT; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Carter MM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Mechler CM; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Olm MR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Caffrey EB; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Li JA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Higginbottom SK; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Severyn CJ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA., Kracke F; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Spormann AM; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Sonnenburg JL; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA., Bhatt AS; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Howitt MR; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: mhowitt@stanford.edu.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cell [Cell] 2024 Jan 04; Vol. 187 (1), pp. 62-78.e20. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 13.
DOI:	10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.018
Abstrakt:	The microbiota influences intestinal health and physiology, yet the contributions of commensal protists to the gut environment have been largely overlooked. Here, we discover human- and rodent-associated parabasalid protists, revealing substantial diversity and prevalence in nonindustrialized human populations. Genomic and metabolomic analyses of murine parabasalids from the genus Tritrichomonas revealed species-level differences in excretion of the metabolite succinate, which results in distinct small intestinal immune responses. Metabolic differences between Tritrichomonas species also determine their ecological niche within the microbiota. By manipulating dietary fibers and developing in vitro protist culture, we show that different Tritrichomonas species prefer dietary polysaccharides or mucus glycans. These polysaccharide preferences drive trans-kingdom competition with specific commensal bacteria, which affects intestinal immunity in a diet-dependent manner. Our findings reveal unappreciated diversity in commensal parabasalids, elucidate differences in commensal protist metabolism, and suggest how dietary interventions could regulate their impact on gut health. Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests. (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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