Reproductive toxicity in birds predicted by physiologically-based kinetics and bioenergetics modelling.

Autor: Martin T; Rifcon GmbH, Goldbeckstraße 13, 69493 Hirschberg an der Bergstraße, Germany. Electronic address: Thomas.Martin@rifcon.de., Bauer B; Rifcon GmbH, Goldbeckstraße 13, 69493 Hirschberg an der Bergstraße, Germany., Baier V; esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany., Paini A; esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany., Schaller S; esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany., Hubbard P; Eurofins EAG Agroscience, LLC, Easton, MD, USA., Ebeling M; Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Monheim, Germany., Heckmann D; Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Monheim, Germany., Gergs A; Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Monheim, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Feb 20; Vol. 912, pp. 169096. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169096
Abstrakt: Effects on the growth and reproduction of birds are important endpoints in the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides. Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models based on dynamic energy budget theory (DEB) are promising tools to predict these effects mechanistically and make extrapolations relevant to ERA. However, before DEB-TKTD models are accepted as part of ERA for birds, ecotoxicological case studies are required so that stakeholders can assess their capabilities. We present such a case-study, modelling the effects of the fluopyram metabolite benzamide on the northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). We parametrised a DEB-TKTD model for the embryo stage on the basis of an egg injection study, designed to provide data for model development. We found that information on various endpoints, such as survival, growth, and yolk utilisation were needed to clearly distinguish between the performance of model variants with different TKTD assumptions. The calibration data were best explained when it was assumed that chemical uptake occurs via the yolk and that benzamide places stress on energy assimilation and mobilisation. To be able to bridge from the in vitro tests to real-life exposure, we developed a physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBK) model for the quail and used it to predict benzamide exposure inside the eggs based on dietary exposure in a standard reproductive toxicity study. We then combined the standard DEB model with the TKTD module calibrated to the egg injection studies and used it to predict effects on hatchling and 14-day chick weight based on the exposure predicted by the PBK model. Observed weight reductions, relative to controls, were accurately predicted. Thus, we demonstrate that DEB-TKTD models, in combination with suitable experimental data and, if necessary, with an exposure model, can be used in bird ERA to predict chemical effects on reproduction.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest A. Gergs, M. Ebeling and D. Heckmann are employees of Bayer AG. The work of the other co-authors on the project was funded by Bayer AG. Bayer AG is a manufacturer of the active substance fluopyram investigated in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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