An experimental universal swine influenza a virus (IAV) vaccine candidate based on the M2 ectodomain (M2e) peptide does not provide protection against H1N1 IAV challenge in pigs.

Autor: Opriessnig T; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Vaccines and Diagnostics Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: tanja.opriessnig@moredun.ac.uk., Gauger PC; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: pcgauger@iastate.edu., Filippsen Favaro P; School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: filippsenfav@wisc.edu., Rawal G; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: grawal@iastate.edu., Magstadt DR; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: magstadt@iastate.edu., Digard P; The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK. Electronic address: paul.digard@roslin.ed.ac.uk., Lee HM; The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK. Electronic address: huimin.lee@ed.ac.uk., Halbur PG; Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: pghalbur@iastate.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2024 Jan 12; Vol. 42 (2), pp. 220-228. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 11.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.012
Abstrakt: Swine flu is a common disease problem in North American pig populations and swine influenza A viruses (IAV) are extremely diverse and the lack of cross protection between heterologous strains is impacting vaccine efficacy in the field. The objective of this study was to design and test a novel swine flu vaccine targeting the M2 ectodomain (M2e) of IAV, a highly conserved region within the IAV proteome. In brief, an M2e peptide was designed to match the predominant swine IAV M2 sequence based on global analysis of sequences from pigs and humans. The resulting sequence was used to synthesize the M2e peptide coupled to a carrier protein. The final vaccine concentration was 200 µg per dose, and a commercial, microemulsion-based aqueous adjuvant was added. Nine 3-week-old IAV negative piglets were randomly assigned to three groups and rooms including non-vaccinated pigs (NEG-CONTROLs) and vaccinated pigs using the intramuscular (M2e-IM) or the intranasal route (M2e-IN). Vaccinations were done at weaning and again at 2 weeks later. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and validated to study the M2e IgG antibody response and demonstrated M2e-IM pigs had a higher systemic antibody response compared to M2e-IN pigs. Subsequently, an IAV challenge study was conducted. The results indicated that M2e-IM vaccinated pigs were not protected from H1N1 (US pandemic clade, global clade 1A.3.3.2) challenge despite having a strong humoral anti-M2e immune response. In conclusion, while the experimental IAV vaccine was able to induce anti-M2e antibodies, when challenged with H1N1, the vaccinated pigs were not protected, perhaps indicating that reactivity to the M2e antigen alone is not sufficient to reduce clinical signs, lesions or shedding associated with experimental IAV challenge.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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