Characterizing close-focus lenses for microendoscopy.

Autor:	Galvez D; University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, United States of America., Hong Z; University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, United States of America., Rocha AD; University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, United States of America., Heusinkveld JM; University of Arizona, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tucson, United States of America., Ye P; University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Tucson, United States of America., Liang R; University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, United States of America., Barton JK; University of Arizona, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, Tucson, United States of America.; University of Arizona, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tucson, United States of America.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of optical microsystems [J Opt Microsyst] 2023 Jan; Vol. 3 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 04.
DOI:	10.1117/1.jom.3.1.011003
Abstrakt:	Microendoscopes are commonly used in small lumens in the body, for which a focus near to the distal tip and ability to operate in an aqueous environment are paramount for navigation and disease detection. Commercially available distal optic systems below 1mm in diameter are severely limited, and custom micro lenses are generally very expensive. Gradient index of refraction (GRIN) singlets are available in small diameters but have limited optical performance adjustability. Three-dimensional (3D) printed monolithic optical systems are an emerging option that may be suitable for enabling high performance, close-focus imaging. In this manuscript, we compared the optical performance of three custom distal optic systems; a custom-pitch GRIN singlet, 3D-printed monolithic doublet, and 3D-printed monolithic triplet, with a nominal working distance (WD) of 1.5mm, 0.5mm and 0.4mm in 0.9% saline. These short WDs are ideal for microendoscopy in collapsed or flushed lumens such as pancreatic duct or fallopian tube. The GRIN singlet had performance limited only by the fiber bundle relay over 0.9mm to 1.6 mm depth of field (DOF). The 3D printed doublet was able to achieve a comparable DOF of 0.71mm, while the 3D printed triplet suffered the most limited DOF of 0.55mm. 3D printing enables flexible design of monolithic multi-element systems with aspheric surfaces of very short WDs and relative ease of integration. Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this article.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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