Roles of extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: foes, friends and informers.

Autor:	Lunavat TR; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway., Nieland L; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.; Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, RC, Netherlands., Vrijmoet AB; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States., Zargani-Piccardi A; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States., Samaha Y; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States., Breyne K; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States., Breakefield XO; Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in oncology [Front Oncol] 2023 Nov 24; Vol. 13, pp. 1291177. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 24 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fonc.2023.1291177
Abstrakt:	Glioblastoma (GB) tumors are one of the most insidious cancers which take over the brain and defy therapy. Over time and in response to treatment the tumor and the brain cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) undergo many genetic/epigenetic driven changes in their phenotypes and this is reflected in the cellular contents within the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they produce. With the result that some EVs try to subdue the tumor (friends of the brain), while others participate in the glioblastoma takeover (foes of the brain) in a dynamic and ever changing process. Monitoring the contents of these EVs in biofluids can inform decisions based on GB status to guide therapeutic intervention. This review covers primarily recent research describing the different cell types in the brain, as well as the tumor cells, which participate in this EV deluge. This includes EVs produced by the tumor which manipulate the transcriptome of normal cells in their environment in support of tumor growth (foes), as well as responses of normal cells which try to restrict tumor growth and invasion, including traveling to cervical lymph nodes to present tumor neo-antigens to dendritic cells (DCs). In addition EVs released by tumors into biofluids can report on the status of living tumor cells via their cargo and thus serving as biomarkers. However, EVs released by tumor cells and their influence on normal cells in the tumor microenvironment is a major factor in immune suppression and coercion of normal brain cells to join the GB "band wagon". Efforts are being made to deploy EVs as therapeutic vehicles for drugs and small inhibitory RNAs. Increasing knowledge about EVs in the TME is being utilized to track tumor progression and response to therapy and even to weaponize EVs to fight the tumor. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Lunavat, Nieland, Vrijmoet, Zargani-Piccardi, Samaha, Breyne and Breakefield.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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