| Autor: |
Mohammed AU; Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.; Department of Applied Geology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria., Aris AZ; Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia., Ramli MF; Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia., Isa NM; Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia., Suleiman Arabi A; Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Science, Bayero University (BUK), Kano, Nigeria., Michael Orosun M; Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria. |
| Abstrakt: |
Elevated radon concentrations in drinking water pose an increased risk of cancer among nonsmokers. A Monte-Carlo Simulation was employed to assess the effective dose and cancer risk associated with radon exposure in humans, utilizing a systematic review and meta-analysis of related studies. These studies were sourced from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, focusing on drinking water from Nigeria's six geopolitical zones. The random effects models revealed a 222 Rn concentration in drinking water of Nigeria at 25.01, with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 7.62 and 82.09, indicating significant heterogeneity of (I 2 = 100%; p < 0.001). The probabilistic risk of effective dose revealed a best-scenario (P 5%) at Kundiga and Magiro that exceeded the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended effective dose limit of 200 µSv/y. Conversely, the worst-case scenario (P 95%) indicated concentrations surpassing the recommended limit at Kundiga, Edbe, Magiro, Ekiti, and Abeokuta. Excess Life Cancer Risk for infants, children, and adults attributed to the ingestion and inhalation of radon from various drinking water sources exceeded the recommended values of 0.2 x 10 -3 established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). It underscores the necessity for treating radon-polluted water, employing methos such as aeration and granular activated carbon (GAC) processes. |
