Intersection of Perceived COVID-19 Risk, Preparedness, and Preventive Health Behaviors: Latent Class Segmentation Analysis.
| Autor: | Mgbere O; Institute of Community Health University of Houston College of Pharmacy Houston, TX United States.; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy University of Houston College of Pharmacy Houston, TX United States.; Public Health Science and Surveillance Division Houston Health Department Houston, TX United States., Iloanusi S; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy University of Houston College of Pharmacy Houston, TX United States., Yunusa I; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy Columbia, SC United States., Iloanusi NR; Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Onitsha, Anambra State Nigeria., Gohil S; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy University of Houston College of Pharmacy Houston, TX United States., Essien EJ; Institute of Community Health University of Houston College of Pharmacy Houston, TX United States.; Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy University of Houston College of Pharmacy Houston, TX United States. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Online journal of public health informatics [Online J Public Health Inform] 2023 Oct 24; Vol. 15, pp. e50967. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 24 (Print Publication: 2023). |
| DOI: | 10.2196/50967 |
| Abstrakt: | Background: COVID-19 risk perception is a factor that influences the pandemic spread. Understanding the potential behavioral responses to COVID-19, including preparedness and adoption of preventive measures, can inform interventions to curtail its spread. Objective: We assessed self-perceived and latent class analysis (LCA)-based risks of COVID-19 and their associations with preparedness, misconception, information gap, and preventive practices among residents of a densely populated city in Nigeria. Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted among residents (N=140) of Onitsha, Nigeria, in March 2020, before the government-mandated lockdown. Using an iterative expectation-maximization algorithm, we applied LCA to systematically segment participants into the most likely distinct risk clusters. Furthermore, we used bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models to determine the associations among knowledge, attitude, preventive practice, perceived preparedness, misconception, COVID-19 information gap, and self-perceived and LCA-based COVID-19 risks. Results: Most participants (85/140, 60.7%) had good knowledge and did not perceive themselves as at risk of contracting COVID-19. Three-quarters of the participants (102/137, 74.6%; P <.001) experienced COVID-19-related information gaps, while 62.9% (88/140; P =.04) of the participants had some misconceptions about the disease. Conversely, most participants (93/140, 66.4%; P <.001) indicated that they were prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the participants (94/138, 68.1%; P <.001) self-perceived that they were not at risk of contracting COVID-19 compared to 31.9% (44/138) who professed to be at risk of contracting COVID-19. Using the LCA, we identified 3 distinct risk clusters ( P <.001), namely, prudent or low-risk takers, skeptics or high-risk takers, and carefree or very high-risk takers with prevalence rates (probabilities of cluster membership that represent the prevalence rate [γ Conclusions: The clustering patterns highlight the impact of modifiable risk behaviors on COVID-19 preventive practices, which can provide strong empirical support for health prevention policies. Consequently, clusters with individuals at high risk of contracting COVID-19 would benefit from multicomponent interventions delivered in diverse settings to improve the population-based response to the pandemic. Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: None declared. (©Osaro Mgbere, Sorochi Iloanusi, Ismaeel Yunusa, Nchebe-Jah R Iloanusi, Shrey Gohil, Ekere James Essien. Originally published in the Online Journal of Public Health Informatics (https://ojphi.jmir.org/), 24.10.2023.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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