A stable atmospheric-pressure plasma for extreme-temperature synthesis.

Autor: Xie H; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Liu N; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA., Zhang Q; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Zhong H; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA., Guo L; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Zhao X; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Li D; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Liu S; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Huang Z; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Lele AD; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA., Brozena AH; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Wang X; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Song K; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Chen S; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA., Yao Y; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Chi M; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA., Xiong W; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Rao J; Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Laboratory, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Zhao M; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA., Shneider MN; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA., Luo J; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Zhao JC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. jczhao@umd.edu., Ju Y; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. yju@princeton.edu.; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA. yju@princeton.edu., Hu L; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. binghu@umd.edu.; Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. binghu@umd.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2023 Nov; Vol. 623 (7989), pp. 964-971. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 29.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06694-1
Abstrakt: Plasmas can generate ultra-high-temperature reactive environments that can be used for the synthesis and processing of a wide range of materials 1,2 . However, the limited volume, instability and non-uniformity of plasmas have made it challenging to scalably manufacture bulk, high-temperature materials 3-8 . Here we present a plasma set-up consisting of a pair of carbon-fibre-tip-enhanced electrodes that enable the generation of a uniform, ultra-high temperature and stable plasma (up to 8,000 K) at atmospheric pressure using a combination of vertically oriented long and short carbon fibres. The long carbon fibres initiate the plasma by micro-spark discharge at a low breakdown voltage, whereas the short carbon fibres coalesce the discharge into a volumetric and stable ultra-high-temperature plasma. As a proof of concept, we used this process to synthesize various extreme materials in seconds, including ultra-high-temperature ceramics (for example, hafnium carbonitride) and refractory metal alloys. Moreover, the carbon-fibre electrodes are highly flexible and can be shaped for various syntheses. This simple and practical plasma technology may help overcome the challenges in high-temperature synthesis and enable large-scale electrified plasma manufacturing powered by renewable electricity.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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