From the stomach to locus coeruleus: new neural substrate for ghrelin's effects on ingestive, motivated and anxiety-like behaviors.

Autor:	Maric I; Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States., López-Ferreras L; Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Bhat Y; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States., Asker M; Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden., Börchers S; Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States., Bellfy L; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States.; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States., Byun S; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States., Kwapis JL; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States.; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States., Skibicka KP; Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States.; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in pharmacology [Front Pharmacol] 2023 Nov 13; Vol. 14, pp. 1286805. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 13 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.3389/fphar.2023.1286805
Abstrakt:	Ghrelin, a stomach-derived orexigenic hormone, has a well-established role in energy homeostasis, food reward, and emotionality. Noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) are known to play an important role in arousal, emotion, cognition, but recently have also been implicated in control of feeding behavior. Ghrelin receptors (the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR) may be found in the LC, but the behavioral effects of ghrelin signaling in this area are still unexplored. Here, we first determined whether GHSR are present in the rat LC, and demonstrate that GHSR are expressed on noradrenergic neurons in both sexes. We next investigated whether ghrelin controls ingestive and motivated behaviors as well as anxiety-like behavior by acting in the LC. To pursue this idea, we examined the effects of LC GHSR stimulation and blockade on food intake, operant responding for a palatable food reward and, anxiety-like behavior in the open field (OF) and acoustic startle response (ASR) tests in male and female rats. Our results demonstrate that intra-LC ghrelin administration increases chow intake and motivated behavior for sucrose in both sexes. Additionally, females, but not males, exhibited a potent anxiolytic response in the ASR. In order to determine whether activation of GHSR in the LC was necessary for feeding and anxiety behavior control, we utilized liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), a newly identified endogenous GHSR antagonist. LEAP2 delivered specifically into the LC was sufficient to reduce fasting-induced chow hyperphagia in both sexes, but food reward only in females. Moreover, blockade of GHSR in the LC increased anxiety-like behavior measured in the ASR test in both sexes. Taken together, these results indicate that ghrelin acts in the LC to alter ingestive, motivated and anxiety-like behaviors, with a degree of sex divergence. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2023 Maric, López-Ferreras, Bhat, Asker, Börchers, Bellfy, Byun, Kwapis and Skibicka.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu