The synergistic role of sulfuric acid, ammonia and organics in particle formation over an agricultural land.

Autor:	Dada L; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi.; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland., Okuljar M; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Shen J; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Olin M; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland., Wu Y; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Heimsch L; Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland., Herlin I; Qvidja Research Farm Qvidja 15 21630 Parainen Finland., Kankaanrinta S; Qvidja Research Farm Qvidja 15 21630 Parainen Finland., Lampimäki M; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Kalliokoski J; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland., Baalbaki R; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Lohila A; Finnish Meteorological Institute PO Box 503 00101 Helsinki Finland., Petäjä T; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Maso MD; Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University PO Box 692, 33014 Tampere University Finland., Duplissy J; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi.; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki 00014 Helsinki Finland., Kerminen VM; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi., Kulmala M; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki PO Box 64, 00014 Finland lubna.dada@helsinki.fi markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environmental science: atmospheres [Environ Sci Atmos] 2023 Jul 07; Vol. 3 (8), pp. 1195-1211. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 07 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI:	10.1039/d3ea00065f
Abstrakt:	Agriculture provides people with food, but poses environmental challenges. Via comprehensive observations on an agricultural land at Qvidja in Southern Finland, we were able to show that soil-emitted compounds (mainly ammonia and amines), together with available sulfuric acid, form new aerosol particles which then grow to climate-relevant sizes by the condensation of extremely low volatile organic compounds originating from a side production of photosynthesis (compounds emitted by ground and surrounding vegetation). We found that intensive local clustering events, with particle formation rates at 3 nm about 5-10 times higher than typical rates in boreal forest environments, occur on around 30% of all days. The requirements for these clustering events to occur were found to be clear sky, a low wind speed to accumulate the emissions from local agricultural land, particularly ammonia, the presence of low volatile organic compounds, and sufficient gaseous sulfuric acid. The local clustering will then contribute to regional new particle formation. Since the agricultural land is much more effective per surface area than the boreal forest in producing aerosol particles, these findings provide insight into the participation of agricultural lands in climatic cooling, counteracting the climatic warming effects of farming. Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare. (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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