| Autor: |
Zia S; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.; Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 61300, Pakistan., Peng S; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China., Bashir A; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan., Kausar T; Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 61300, Pakistan., Khan SR; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan., Muneer A; Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Nawaz A; Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Alnajjar LI; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia., Saeed M; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia., Alshammari N; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia., Aqib AI; Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan., Li K; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. |
| Abstrakt: |
Polymicrobial mastitis is now becoming very common in dairy animals, resulting in exaggerated resistance to multiple antibiotics. The current study was executed to find drug responses in individual and mixed Culture of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from milk samples, as well as to evaluate the antibacterial potential of tungsten oxide nanoparticles. These isolates (alone and in mixed culture) were further processed for their responses to antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. On the other hand, tungsten oxide WO 3 (W) nanoparticles coupled with antibiotics (ampicillin, A, and oxytetracycline, O) were prepared through the chemical method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible techniques. The preparations consisting of nanoparticles alone (W) and coupled with ampicillin (WA) and oxytetracycline (WO) were tested against individual and mixed Culture through the well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The findings of the current study showed the highest resistance in E. coli was against penicillin (60%) and ampicillin (50%), while amikacin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were the most effective antibiotics. S. aureus showed the highest resistance against penicillin (50%), oxytetracycline (40%), and ciprofloxacin (40%), while, except for ampicillin, the sensitive strains of S. aureus were in the range of 40-60% against the rest of antibiotics. The highest zones of inhibition (ZOI) against mixed Culture were shown by imipenem and ampicillin, whereas the highest percentage decrease in ZOI was noted in cases of ciprofloxacin (-240%) and gentamicin (-119.4%) in comparison to individual Culture of S. aureus and E. coli . It was noteworthy that the increase in ZOI was not more than 38% against mixed Culture as compared to the individual Culture. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanoparticle-coupled antibiotics compared to nanoparticles alone for individual and mixed-culture bacteria, while MICs in the case of mixed Culture remained consistently high throughout the trial. This study therefore concluded that diverse drug resistance was present in both individual and mixed-culture bacteria, whereas the application of tungsten oxide nanoparticle-coupled antibiotics proved to be an effective candidate in reversing the drug resistance in bacterial strains. |
