Exercise Immunology Applied to Pediatric Sport and the Importance of Monitoring Stages of Puberty and Biological Maturation.

Autor:	Almeida-Neto PF; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil.; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil., de Medeiros JA; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil.; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil., Jaggers JR; Department of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky., Ferreira ABM; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil., de Assis GG; Department of Physiology and Pathology - São Paulo State University, Araquaquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Cabral BGAT; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil.; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil., Dantas PMS; Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte Brazil.; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Sports health [Sports Health] 2023 Nov 24, pp. 19417381231212481. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 24.
DOI:	10.1177/19417381231212481
Abstrakt:	Context: Exercise immunology is aimed at understanding how exercise sessions can affect the immune system in athletic subjects of different age groups. The objective of the current study was to discuss in which stage of biological maturation (BM) young athletes may be more vulnerable in relation to the immune system, and whether there is a BM range in which it is safer to perform sports training with strenuous exercise loads. Evidence Acquisition: Evidence from scientific research from several scientific disciplines (eg, immunology, sport immunology, pediatrics, sports medicine, human development) was gathered to holistically examine the main particularities of exercise immunology as applied to pediatric sport. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: In pediatric patients, lymphoid tissue expands during puberty and involutes after puberty until it returns to pre-expansion values. This suggests that there is a specific period in which the immune system may be stronger, which may provide opportunities for strenuous exercise in pediatric athletes. However, the chronological period when puberty occurs will be determined by BM, which is the rate at which the biological systems of the human body improves. This may affect the period of lymphoid tissue expansion and, consequently, the behavior of the immune system in pediatric subjects of the same age category. Conclusion: During puberty, there is a significant increase in the proinflammatory profile; to compensate for this, there is an expansion of lymphoid tissue that may favor the efficiency of the immune system. The period in which puberty is reached may vary according to the stages of BM. Therefore, in exercise immunology applied to pediatric sports, in addition to external and internal training loads, it is necessary to consider BM and puberty, which have been shown to be safer biomarkers than chronological age for determining immune system behavior in pediatric athletes. Strength-Of-Recommendation Taxonomy (sort): Evidence B level 3. Competing Interests: The authors report no potential conflicts of interest in the development and publication of this article.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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