Effect of slow-release urea on intake, ingestive behavior, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, microbial protein production, blood and ruminal parameters of sheep.

Autor: Silva A; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Pereira Filho JM; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Oliveira J; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Sergipe, Nossa Senhora da Gloria, Sergipe, 49680000, Brazil., Lucena K; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Mazza P; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil., Silva Filho E; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Ininga, S/N, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil., Nascimento A; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piaui, Ininga, S/N, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil., Pereira E; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, Mister Hull Avenue, Fortaleza, Ceara, 60356000, Brazil., Vaz A; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil., Barbosa A; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil., Oliveira R; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil., Bezerra L; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58708110, Brazil. leilson@ufpi.edu.br.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Tropical animal health and production [Trop Anim Health Prod] 2023 Nov 23; Vol. 55 (6), pp. 414. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 23.
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03833-8
Abstrakt: We conducted two experiments. The first aimed to obtain and characterize microparticles of slow-release urea (SRU) using calcium alginate as the encapsulating agent. The second experiment evaluated their inclusion in sheep diets. In the first experiment, four treatments from a completely randomized design were employed to develop an SRU through the ionic gelification technique testing two drying methods (oven and lyophilizer) and addition or no of sulfur (S): SRU oven-dried with sulfur (MUSO) and without sulfur (MUO), SRU freeze-dried/lyophilized with (MUSL), and without sulfur (MUL). MUO exhibited better yield and encapsulation efficiency among these formulations than the others. Therefore, the second experiment was conducted to compare free urea (U) as control and three proportions (1%, 1.5%, and 2% of total dry matter) of MUO in the diet of sheep. Twenty-four non-castrated male Santa Ines lambs, with an average body weight of 22 ± 3.0 kg, were used and distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The inclusion of 1% alginate-encapsulated urea (MUO1%) resulted in higher dry matter (DM) intake than free urea (p ≤ 0.05). MUO 2% inclusion promoted higher NDF digestibility than U and MUO 1% . MUO 1% showed higher DM than MUO 2% and higher NFC digestibility than U and MUO 2% (p ≤ 0.05). Sheep fed MUO 1.5% and MUO 2% exhibited similar nutrient intake and digestibility. Sheep receiving MUO1% had higher N-intake, N-urinary, N-excretion total, N-digested, and N-retained compared to U. Sheep fed MUO 1% showed greater N-retained (as % ingested and digested), microbial protein production, and efficiency when compared to other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). MUO 2% addition (SRU) promoted the lowest microbial protein production and efficiency in sheep. MUO dietary inclusion increased feeding time and reduced idleness time compared to U, regardless of the MUO level (p ≤ 0.05). Adding MUO 1% improved the intake efficiency of DM and NDF and resulted in more feed boli than the other MUO levels (p ≤ 0.05). Sheep receiving U had (4 h after fending) higher NH 3 -N, pH, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lower TGL serum compared to sheep fed MUO (p ≤ 0.05), without significant difference among MUO levels (p > 0.05), except NH 3 -N was higher in MUO 1.5% and MUO 2% compared to MUO 1.0% . The external ionic gelation technique proved suitable for urea microencapsulation in calcium alginate (3%), demonstrating high quality, efficiency, and yield. MUO represents a promising slow-release urea for ruminants and is recommended for sheep diets at an inclusion level of 1.0%. This inclusion level improves intake efficiency and nutrient digestibility, increases rumen nitrogen retention, and reduces BUN without compromising sheep health.
(© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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