Transformation of phenylarsenic chemical warfare agents and their effect on bacterial communities in Baltic Sea sediment.

Autor: Rantanen NK; Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: noora-kaisa.rantanen@helsinki.fi., Reunamo A; Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Marine and Freshwater Solutions Unit, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland., Kjellberg MA; Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Rumbin O; Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Truu J; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia., Kiljunen H; Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland., Niemikoski H; Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Laboratory Centre, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland., Lastumäki A; Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Marine and Freshwater Solutions Unit, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland., Lehtonen KK; Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Marine and Freshwater Solutions Unit, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland., Vanninen P; Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of hazardous materials [J Hazard Mater] 2024 Feb 15; Vol. 464, pp. 132935. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 07.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132935
Abstrakt: During the World Wars large quantities of phenylarsenic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were dumped in the Baltic Sea. Many transformation products of these chemicals have been identified, but the pathways that produce the found chemicals has not been investigated. Here we studied the biotic and abiotic transformation of phenylarsenic CWAs under oxic and anoxic conditions and investigated how the sediment bacterial communities are affected by CWA exposure. By chemical analysis we were able to identify seventeen CWA-related phenylarsenicals, four of which (methylphenylarsinic acid (MPAA), phenylthioarsinic acid (PTAA), phenyldithioarsinic acid (PDTAA) and diphenyldithioarsinic acid (DPDTAA)) have not been reported for marine sediments before. For the first time PTAA was verified from environmental samples. We also observed equilibrium reactions between the found transformation products, which may explain the occurrence of the chemicals. 16S rRNA-analysis showed that bacterial communities in sediments are affected by exposure to phenylarsenic CWAs. We observed increases in the amounts of arsenic-resistant and sulphur-metabolising bacteria. Different transformation products were found in biotic and abiotic samples, which suggests that bacteria participate in the transformation of phenylarsenic CWAs. We propose that methylated phenylarsenicals are produced in microbial metabolism and that chemical reactions with microbially produced sulphur species form sulphur-containing transformation products.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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