Genetic risk prediction in Hispanics/Latinos: milestones, challenges, and social-ethical considerations.

Autor: Maldonado BL; Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. betzaida.maldonado@cuanschutz.edu.; Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. betzaida.maldonado@cuanschutz.edu.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. betzaida.maldonado@cuanschutz.edu., Piqué DG; Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.; Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA., Kaplan RC; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA., Claw KG; Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.; Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA., Gignoux CR; Human Medical Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.; Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of community genetics [J Community Genet] 2023 Dec; Vol. 14 (6), pp. 543-553. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 14.
DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00686-4
Abstrakt: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have allowed the identification of disease-associated variants, which can be leveraged to build polygenic scores (PGSs). Even though PGSs can be a valuable tool in personalized medicine, their predictive power is limited in populations of non-European ancestry, particularly in admixed populations. Recent efforts have focused on increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GWAS, thus, addressing some of the limitations of genetic risk prediction in these populations. Even with these efforts, few studies focus exclusively on Hispanics/Latinos. Additionally, Hispanic/Latino populations are often considered a single population despite varying admixture proportions between and within ethnic groups, diverse genetic heterogeneity, and demographic history. Combined with highly heterogeneous environmental and socioeconomic exposures, this diversity can reduce the transferability of genetic risk prediction models. Given the recent increase of genomic studies that include Hispanics/Latinos, we review the milestones and efforts that focus on genetic risk prediction, summarize the potential for improving PGS transferability, and highlight the challenges yet to be addressed. Additionally, we summarize social-ethical considerations and provide ideas to promote genetic risk prediction models that can be implemented equitably.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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