Evaluation of SaTo pans as a new latrine technology in Kisumu County healthcare facilities, Kenya.
Autor: | Prentice-Mott G; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Odhiambo A; EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya., Conners EE; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Mwaki A; EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya., Blackstock AJ; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Oremo J; EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya., Akelo O; EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya., Eleveld A; EIS Service, Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya., Quick R; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Murphy J; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Berendes DM; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Zdroj: | Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH [Trop Med Int Health] 2023 Dec; Vol. 28 (12), pp. 881-889. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 08. |
DOI: | 10.1111/tmi.13939 |
Abstrakt: | Objectives: Innovations to improve public sanitation facilities, especially in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low-income countries, are limited. SaTo pans represent novel, largely untested, modifications to reduce odour and flies and improve acceptability of HCF sanitation facilities. We conducted a pilot project to evaluate acceptability, cleanliness, flies and odour within latrines in 37 HCFs in Kisumu, Kenya, randomised into intervention (SaTo pan modifications) and control arms by sub-county and HCF level. Methods: At baseline (pre-intervention) and endline (>3 months after completion of SaTo pan installations in latrines in intervention HCFs), we surveyed users, cleaners and in-charges, observed odour and cleanliness, and assessed flies using fly tape. Unadjusted difference-in-difference analysis compared changes from baseline to endline in patient-reported acceptability and observed latrine conditions between intervention and control HCFs. A secondary assessment compared patient-reported acceptability following use of SaTo pan versus non-SaTo pan latrines within intervention HCFs. Results: Patient-reported acceptability of latrines was higher following the intervention (baseline: 87%, endline: 96%, p = 0.05). However, patient-reported acceptability was also high in the control arm (79%, 86%, p = 0.34), and the between-arm difference-in-difference was not significant. Enumerator-observed odour declined in intervention latrines (32%-14%) compared with controls (36%-51%, difference-in-difference ratio: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.12-0.84), but changes in flies, puddling of urine and visible faeces did not differ between arms. In the secondary assessment, fewer intervention than control latrines had patient-reported flies (0% vs. 26%) and odour (18% vs. 50%), and reported satisfaction was greater. Most cleaners reported dropholes and floors were easier to clean in intervention versus controls; limited challenges with water for flushing were reported. Conclusions: Our results suggest SaTo pans may be acceptable by cleaners and users and reduce odour in HCF sanitation facilities, though challenges exist and further evaluation with larger sample sizes is needed. (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.) |
Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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