Estimating individual exposure to predation risk in group-living baboons, Papio anubis.

Autor: Suire A; Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan., Kunita I; Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan., Harel R; Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Crofoot M; Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany., Mutinda M; Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya., Kamau M; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Global Health Program, Washington, DC, United States of America.; Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya., Hassel JM; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Global Health Program, Washington, DC, United States of America., Murray S; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Global Health Program, Washington, DC, United States of America., Kawamura S; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan., Matsumoto-Oda A; Graduate School of Tourism Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PloS one [PLoS One] 2023 Nov 08; Vol. 18 (11), pp. e0287357. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 08 (Print Publication: 2023).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287357
Abstrakt: In environments with multiple predators, vulnerabilities associated with the spatial positions of group-living prey are non-uniform and depend on the hunting styles of the predators. Theoretically, coursing predators follow their prey over long distances and attack open areas, exposing individuals at the edge of the group to predation risk more than those at the center (marginal predation). In contrast, ambush predators lurk unnoticed by their prey and appear randomly anywhere in the group; therefore, isolated individuals in the group would be more vulnerable to predators. These positions of vulnerability to predation are expected to be taken by larger-bodied males. Moreover, dominant males presumably occupy the center of the safe group. However, identifying individuals at higher predation risk requires both simultaneous recording of predator location and direct observation of predation events; empirical observations leave ambiguity as to who is at risk. Instead, several theoretical methods (predation risk proxies) have been proposed to assess predation risk: (1) the size of the individual 'unlimited domain of danger' based on Voronoi tessellation, (2) the size of the 'limited domain of danger' based on predator detection distance, (3) peripheral/center position in the group (minimum convex polygon), (4) the number and direction of others in the vicinity (surroundedness), and (5) dyadic distances. We explored the age-sex distribution of individuals in at-risk positions within a wild baboon group facing predation risk from leopards, lions, and hyenas, using Global Positioning System collars. Our analysis of the location data from 26 baboons revealed that adult males were consistently isolated at the edge of the group in all predation risk proxies. Empirical evidence from previous studies indicates that adult male baboons are the most frequently preyed upon, and our results highlights the importance of spatial positioning in this.
(Copyright: © 2023 Suire et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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